A concept for a continuous supercritical drying process for the efficient production of aerogel particles is presented and proven experimentally. A process design involving a countercurrent extraction column with freely sedimenting aerogel particles is proposed and the influence of operating parameters such as temperature, pressure, and CO 2 load on the process is discussed from a theoretical point of view. A proof of concept of the most promising design is demonstrated through the successful countercurrent drying of alginate aerogel particles. At a column length of 1.0 m, dry aerogel particles could be obtained at the bottom of the column with ethanol outlet mass fractions up to 46% at the top of the column. Drying of aerogel particles at a shorter column length of 0.5 m could be achieved by increasing the CO 2 flow rate, resulting in a reduced ethanol outlet mass fraction of 20%. Further development of the continuous drying concept is discussed.
A dynamic model of batch enzymatic reactive distillation
was developed
based on equilibrium stage approach. Phenomena within the evaporator,
column, and condenser were modeled for nonsteady state operation of
the process. A detailed approach to reaction kinetics, including equilibrium
limitations, overtime deactivation of the catalyst in different temperatures,
diffusional limitations in catalytically active xerogel coating, and
temperature influence on the catalyst, was undertaken for ethyl butyrate
transesterification with R-2-pentanol with the use of Candida
antarctica lipase B as the catalyst. The model was validated
with experimental data and served as a simulation tool for sensitivity
analysis.
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