Sesame flavour liquor is a traditional Chinese distilled spirit with fruity, sweaty, roasted sesame and floral aromas. High temperature Daqu production is one of the key processes in the formation of sesame flavour liquor. The composition and changes in the microbial community during the making of Daqu have a significant impact on the quality of Daqu liquor. In this study, microbial diversity based on high throughput sequencing technology was used to reveal the bacterial community structure and succession law in the four critical stages of high temperature Daqu production. The results show that Firmicutes had a significant advantage (76.7%‐98.2%) in the four stages as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria reached peak values in the first and second periods, and decreased in the later periods. At the genus level, Kroppenstedtia, Lactobacillus, Weissella, Lentibacillus, Bacillus and Saccharopolyspora were detected as the main bacterial groups in the high temperature Daqu of Chinese sesame flavour liquor. The abundance of Lactobacillus and Weissella was greater than that of other microbes in the Daqu entry period. During the first Daqu flipping, the number of bacterial genera reached a peak in the production process. Then, the bacterial diversity continued to decrease until the last period, while Kroppenstedtia, Saccharopolyspora and Lentibacillus adapted to the high temperature environment and accumulated during the second Daqu flipping and the Daqu exit. This research used high throughput sequencing technology to reveal, for the first time, the bacterial composition and dynamic succession in high temperature Daqu production of Chinese sesame flavour liquor. This work will contribute to a deeper understanding of the correlation between the formation of flavour substances in sesame flavour liquor and the microorganisms used in its production. © 2019 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling
Landslides generally cause more damage than first predicted. Currently, many methods are available for monitoring landslides occurrence. Conventional methods are mainly based on single-point monitoring, which omits the aspect of variation in large-scale landslides. Due to the development of radar satellites, the differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar technique has been widely used for landslide monitoring. In this study, an experimental region in the Wudongde Hydropower Station reservoir area was studied using archived spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data collected over many years. As the permanent scatterer interferometric SAR (PS-InSAR) technique is an advanced technology, it could be suitably used to overcome the time discontinuity in long time series. However, the accuracy of date processing obtained using the PS-InSAR technique is lower than that obtained using the single-point monitoring method. The monitoring results of the PS-InSAR technique only demonstrate the moving trend of landslides and do not present the actual displacement. The Advanced Land Observation Satellite and a high-precision total station were used for long-term landslide monitoring of the Jinpingzi landslide at the Wudongde Hydropower Station reservoir area. Based on a relationship analysis between the data obtained using the PS-InSAR technique and the total station, a revised method was proposed to reduce the errors in the PS-InSAR monitoring results. The method can not only enhance the monitoring precision of the PS-InSAR technology but also achieve long-term monitoring of landslide displacement from a bird’s-eye view.
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