Acidification of seawater caused by anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO) is anticipated to influence the growth of dinitrogen (N)-fixing phytoplankton, which contribute a large fraction of primary production in the tropical and subtropical ocean. We found that growth and N-fixation of the ubiquitous cyanobacterium decreased under acidified conditions, notwithstanding a beneficial effect of high CO Acidification resulted in low cytosolic pH and reduced N-fixation rates despite elevated nitrogenase concentrations. Low cytosolic pH required increased proton pumping across the thylakoid membrane and elevated adenosine triphosphate production. These requirements were not satisfied under field or experimental iron-limiting conditions, which greatly amplified the negative effect of acidification.

A‐spiro‐ing: The title reaction of α‐isothiocyanato imides and methyleneindolinones has been realized for the first time using 1 as the catalyst. This newly developed synthetic method provides a simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly way to access, in an enantioselective manner, densely functionalized spirooxindoles having three contiguous stereogenic centers.

This study was designed to assess the impact of several molecular markers and clinicopathological characteristics on postoperative survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Postoperative clinical data of 64 patients with HCC were retrospectively analyzed. K-ras, PIK3CA, and BRAF gene mutations in surgically resected specimens of the 64 patients with HCC were detected by pyrosequencing. H-ras and XB130 protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for univariate and multivariate survival analyses of the clinical and pathological parameters. The mutation rates of K-ras, PIK3CA, and BRAF genes in HCC were found to be 4.69%, 1.56%, and 0%, respectively. Positive expression rate of XB130 and H-ras in HCC was 75.0% and 93.8%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that clinicopathological factors impacting postoperative prognosis of patients with HCC include clinical stage, tumor diameter, and postoperative transcatheter arterial embolization therapy for HCC. Meanwhile, multivariate analysis showed that clinical stage (relative risk [RR]: 6.420, P ¼ 0.013) and tumor diameter (RR: 1.498, P ¼ 0.014) were independent factors impacting postoperative survival of patients with HCC. These findings indicate that the clinical stage and tumor diameter are independent risk factors impacting postoperative survival of patients with HCC. Gene mutations of K-ras and PIK3CA and protein expression of XB130 and H-ras are not associated with the postoperative prognosis of patients with HCC. Anat Rec,

The response of the prominent marine dinitrogen (N 2 )-fixing cyanobacteria Trichodesmium to ocean acidification (OA) is critical to understanding future oceanic biogeochemical cycles. Recent studies have reported conflicting findings on the effect of OA on growth and N 2 fixation of Trichodesmium . Here, we quantitatively analyzed experimental data on how Trichodesmium reallocated intracellular iron and energy among key cellular processes in response to OA, and integrated the findings to construct an optimality-based cellular model. The model results indicate that Trichodesmium growth rate decreases under OA primarily due to reduced nitrogenase efficiency. The downregulation of the carbon dioxide (CO 2 )-concentrating mechanism under OA has little impact on Trichodesmium , and the energy demand of anti-stress responses to OA has a moderate negative effect. We predict that if anthropogenic CO 2 emissions continue to rise, OA could reduce global N 2 fixation potential of Trichodesmium by 27% in this century, with the largest decrease in iron-limiting regions.

In‐spir‐ierend: Mit 1 als Katalysator konnte erstmals die Titelreaktion von α‐Isothiocyanatoimiden mit Methylenindolinonen realisiert werden. Diese Synthesemethode bietet einen einfachen, effizienten, umweltschonenden und enantioselektiven Zugang zu hochfunktionalisierten Spirooxindolen mit drei aufeinander folgenden Stereozentren.

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A‐spiro‐ing to greatness: The catalytic asymmetric Michael addition/cyclization of isothiocyanato oxindoles has been realized. This versatile approach provides an easy and highly efficient way to access not only the enantioselective synthesis of 3,2′‐pyrrolidinyl spirooxindole frameworks, but also the construction of enatiomerically enriched bi‐spirooxindoles containing three contiguous stereocenters and two spiro‐quaternary centers (see scheme).

Trichodesmium, a globally important, N 2 -fixing, and colony-forming cyanobacterium, employs multiple pathways for acquiring nutrients from air-borne dust, including active dust collection. Once concentrated within the colony core, dust can supply Trichodesmium with nutrients. Recently, we reported a selectivity in particle collection enabling Trichodesmium to center iron-rich minerals and optimize its nutrient utilization. In this follow-up study we examined if colonies select Phosphorus (P) minerals. We incubated 1,200 Trichodesmium colonies from the Red Sea with P-free CaCO 3 , P-coated CaCO 3 , and dust, over an entire bloom season. These colonies preferably interacted, centered, and retained P-coated CaCO 3 compared with P-free CaCO 3 . In both studies, Trichodesmium clearly favored dust over all other particles tested, whereas nutrient-free particles were barely collected or retained, indicating that the colonies sense the particle composition and preferably collect nutrient-rich particles. This unique ability contributes to Trichodesmium's current ecological success and may assist it to flourish in future warmer oceans.