Abstract-Recently many cities around the world have witnessed large scale deployment of terrestrial broadcasting mobile TV to vehicles. This service is similar to the cable or satellite television already watched at home and user-centric interactive mobile Video-on-Demand (VoD) over urban vehicular networks is in fact expected. However providing this new service with focus on user Quality of Experience (QoE) constitutes a significant challenge. This paper introduces a QoE-driven User-centric solution for VoD services in urban vehicular network environments (QUVoD). QUVoD relies on a multi-homed hierarchical peer-topeer (P2P) and vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) architecture. Vehicles construct a low layer VANET via WAVE interfaces and also form an upper layer P2P Chord overlay on top of a cellular network via 4G interfaces. A novel grouping-based storage strategy is proposed which distributes uniformly the video segments along the Chord overlay, reducing segment seeking traffic, while also enabling load-balancing. A novel segment seeking and multipath delivery scheme is also introduced which achieves high lookup success rate and very good video data delivery efficiency. Furthermore, a new speculation-based prefetching strategy is proposed, which analyses users' interactive viewing behavior and, by estimating video segment playback order, employs pre-fetching of the expected segments, smoothening the video playback. Simulation results show how QUVoD is a highly efficient user-centric mobile VoD solution in urban vehicular networks in comparison with existing state of the art solutions.Index Terms-User-centric VoD, peer-to-peer (P2P), quality of experience (QoE), vehicular network.
Background: S100A14 has recently been implicated in the progress of several types of cancers. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance and possible mechanisms of action of S100A14 in the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: S100A14 expression in HCC was detected at mRNA and protein levels and its prognostic significance was assessed. Functional roles of S100A14 in HCC were investigated using MTT, BrdU, wound healing, transwell invasion assay and HCC metastatic mouse model. Results: S100A14 was significantly elevated in HCC tissues, correlated with multiple tumor nodes, high Edmondson-Steiner grade and vascular invasion. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that the S100A14 expression level was a significant and independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) of HCC patients (hazard ratio=1.98, 95% confidence interval=1.14-3.46, P=0.013). S100A14 promoted cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis of HCC in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: These results suggest S100A14 is a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for HCC.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevailing chronic mental disorder with lifetime recurring episodes. Recurrent depression (RD) has been reported to be associated with greater severity of depression, higher relapse rate and prominent functioning impairments than first-episode depression (FED), suggesting the progressive nature of depression. However, there is still little evidence regarding brain functional connectome. In this study, 95 medication-free MDD patients (35 with FED and 60 with RD) and 111 matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. After six months of treatment with paroxetine, 56 patients achieved clinical remission and finished their second scan. Network-based statistics analysis was used to explore the changes in functional connectivity. The results revealed that, compared with HCs, patients with FED exhibited hypoconnectivity in the somatomotor, default mode and dorsal attention networks, and RD exhibited hyperconnectivity in the somatomotor, salience, executive control, default mode and dorsal attention networks, as well as within and between salience and executive control networks. Moreover, the disrupted components in patients with current MDD did not change significantly when the patients achieved remission after treatment, and sub-hyperconnectivity and sub-hypoconnectivity were still found in those with remitted RD. Additionally, the hypoconnectivity in FED and hyperconnectivity in RD were associated with the number of episodes and total illness duration. This study provides initial evidence supporting that impairment of intrinsic functional connectivity across the course of depression is a progressive process.
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