Oxidation reactions by radicals constitute a very important class of chemical reactions in solution. Radiation Chemistry methods allow producing, in a controlled way, very reactive oxidizing radicals, such as OH•, CO3•–, NO3•, SO4•–, and N3•. Although the radical cation of water, H2O•+, with a very short lifetime (shorter than 1 ps) is the precursor of these radicals in aqueous solutions, its chemistry is usually known to be limited to the reaction of proton transfer by forming OH• radical. Herein, we stress situations where H2O•+ undergoes electron transfer reaction in competition with proton transfer.

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We report the use of Raman conversion in calcite crystals to generate wave-lengths suitable for seeding sub-picosecond LWIR CO2 lasers after subsequent difference frequency generation.

We explore the use of room-temperature ionic liquids as Raman wavelength converters.