Background/Aim: Bone age (BA) is important in the diagnosis and follow-up of pediatric growth disorders. Skeletal maturation can vary according to the geographical region and climate. The goal of this study is to investigate whether Greulich-Pyle (GP) method is suitable for detecting BA for Turkish children for all age groups and both genders. Methods: In our retrospective cohort study, the roentgenograms of all pediatric patients who visited the pediatrics or pediatric endocrinology outpatient clinics and underwent left hand and wrist radiographs for suspicious trauma or BA determination were examined with reference to the GP atlas. Patients without evidence of chronic disease or growth disorders with body size and weight values between the 25th-75th percentile were included. Poor quality roentgenograms were excluded. Results: Radiographs of 665 patients were analyzed and 310 (161 boys and 149 girls, age range 13-203 months) patients were included. The rate of concordant BA with CA was significantly higher in the children above 120 months of age and low BA was significantly higher among the children aged 120 months or below (P<0.001). The rate of concordant BA with CA was significantly higher among girls and low BA was significantly higher among boys (P=0.014). Among patients aged 120 months or below, low BA was significantly higher in the boys (P<0.001). There were no significant differences between the boys and girls aged 120 months and above (P=1.000) Conclusion: Although widely used in the determination BA, local studies on the accuracy and reliability of the GP method are insufficient in less developed countries. The accuracy of this method in Turkish children, especially boys under the age of 10 years, is controversial, and correct standards should be developed.
This paper aims to examine Turkey's sui generis energy role at the center of Eurasia in the 21 st century. With the start of using oil and natural gas in the industry and also elsewhere, drilling, processing and transporting these resources have become an important issue between demanders and suppliers. In Eurasia, although eastern part of the continent is rich in terms of oil and gas, western part of the continent lacks significant volume of hydrocarbons. In terms of energy security perspective, both producers and demanders prioritize the uninterrupted transportation of hydrocarbons. This situation necessitates the presence of transit countries. Nowadays, the new world order has been shaping in the perspective of regional instabilities. In addition, center of gravity of the continent has been changing. Turkey is at the center of these developments and continent as an energy corridor. Hence, the existing and projected oil and natural gas pipeline projects will be beneficial for either Turkey or energy supplier/demander countries. Keywords
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