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A 54-year-old woman with a history of ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion presented with per-anal protrusion of a tube after defecation. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed the presence of the shunt in the colon. The patient underwent emergency surgery for removal of the shunt system, with external ventricular drainage. Anal protrusion is a rare presentation following bowel perforation of ventriculoperitoneal shunts.

Spontaneous bleeding of neurofibroma is a rare complication in Von Recklinghausen's disease. We report a case of sudden death of a patient who had undergone laminectomy for excision of cervical neurofibroma.

Hemorrhage in late cerebral radiation necrosis is a rare complication after radiotherapy for intracranial and extracranial neoplasms. We report 5 cases of acute hemorrhage in late radiation necrosis of the temporal lobe following radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In a review of the literature, the authors identified a total of 27 such cases. The interval period between the onset of hemorrhage and cranial irradiation is long (mean = 7.8 years). The most prominent histological feature was the proliferation of large, dilated and thin-walled new blood vessels in a background of gliosis and fibrinoid necrosis of vessels. Rupture of these thin-walled new blood vessels is the proposed mechanism of hemorrhage in this condition.