Addition of a high-swelling smectite to lowactivity-mineral-dominated Leda clay influenced the settling mode, settling/consolidation rates and the final sediment water contents attained when suspensions ranging in water content from 500 to 6000% were allowed to settle under salinity conditions ranging from 30 to 0.5 g/l, and to undergo self-weight consolidation for 14 days. The presence of high-swelling smectite extended the salinity and water content ranges over which consolidation settling and zone settling occurred and the final water content for any initial-water-content/salinity condition increased as the amount of high-swelling smectite increased. The settling and consolidation rate patterns change with time in a manner that is dependent on all of settling mode, water content and salinity. At high-swelling smectite content <5%, the lowest sediment water content is attained under brackish (8-2 g/l salinity) conditions with initial suspension water contents below 1000%. For contents >10%, the lowest sediment water content is attained at high salinity and the lowest possible initial suspension water content.
Sediment quality of Tondano Lake, Indonesia has been investigated through measuring the geochemical characteristics such as the content of heavy metals, organic matter and grain size distribution; and also the relationship between heavy metals and organic matter, and between heavy metals and grain size distribution. These could be used as preliminary data for the purpose of evaluating lake condition as a part of freshwater ecosystem. The Tondano sediment had contained some heavy metals such as Cr, Cu, Hg, and Zn; where Cr and Zn, both less than the Sediment Quality Guideline (SQG), but Cu and Hg were well within the SQG. Organic matter content was highest at the northern outlet area, with the lowest amount at the southern inlet area. Grain size distribution was mostly dominated by sandy-loam clay (the highest content was at central lake). This was a result of intensive agricultural activities surrounding the lake, which brought sand grain via rivers from all areas to the central lake. The heavy metal contents were not found to be correlated with the organic matter, nor the grain size distribution (clay content).
: Amodel equation fbr estimating the ground water levels using Landsat TM data was exam 血 ed in this pa − per, based on the results of site investigation of land cover contexts and ground water levels in Yoron Island . Firstly , land cover classification was conducted by supervised classification and the monitering wells sited in agricultural areas were extracted . The data collected in these wells was used fbr estimating dle ground water levels as the site in − vestiga 廿on data . Next , a model equation fbr eshmating the ground water lev ¢ ls was created by inter −band calculations among the CCT values of dle TM data as independent variables 血 the mul 丘ple regression analysis . The validity of this model equation was proved by applying it to the other monitoring wells where dユe collected data was not used fbr creating the equation . Then , the model equation was found out to be generally applicable for estirnating the ground water revels within the 1imits of approximatcly 5 − 20m
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.