Most cases with chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) are treated by simple irrigation and drainage, then more than eighty percent of them result in good recovery. But we sometimes encounter intractable cases with hematoma re-collection, which is considered of repeated bleeding from macrocapillary in the hematoma capsule. Embolization of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) is considered to be useful to eliminate the blood supply to this structure. The authors experienced seven cases of intractable CSDH treated by MMA embolization and no recurrence took place in all cases for up to 15 months. Endovascular treatment may be a good alternative modality for recurrent CSDH.

Subtemporal selective amygdalohippocampectomy provides favorable surgical and neuropsychological outcomes and does not cause significant postoperative decline of verbal memory if performed on the language-dominant side.

Neurofiberscopic biopsy represents a useful method for sampling of tumors of the pineal region and posterior third ventricle, which can be effectively used in both previously shunted and shunt-free patients.