Abstract:The purpose of this study is constructing the measuring method of indication performance on papers and electronic displays to quantitatively assess the visibility. We have developed novel photometric equipment: a charge-coupled device sensor that can measure the distribution of luminance. Various types of papers printed a sinusoidal wave pattern with predetermined spatial frequency and brightness contrast: contrast sensitivity chart have been assessed by human. Also, they have been measured and parameterized. The visibility evaluation model which predict the human assessment from photometric parameter has been built by means of multiple regression analysis. This model can be applied to electrophoretic electronic paper (e-paper). It is our expectation that the measuring method will be useful to develop new displays which contains good visibility.
Recently, novel dyeing technology for slide fastener made of a synthetic resin have been developed in order to meet the advanced demands of the market. As the dyeing technology advances, the quality management such as the colorimetry is quite important. This study proposed the novel methodology on microscopic colorimetry, and applied it to slide fasteners produced by different dyeing process. Firstly, the own colorimetric equipment was experimentally constructed for obtaining the distribution of the light reflection from slide fasteners. Secondly, the deriving procedure of colors appearing at the area of monofilament which is consisted of a slide fastener was investigated. In other word, the technique of image processing with masking was applied in order to identify the area of the monofilament. And the histogram concerned with colors measured at the monofilament was obtained. Furthermore, the characterization of color information contained in histogram was investigated. Finally, proposed methodology of colorimetry was applied to slide fasteners produced by different dying process (i.e., the normal dyeing process, the metallic layered process and the thin-layered process). And, parameters (i.e., dominant color, dominant color ratio and variation of the color, appearing at monofilament) was compared among the specimens. As the result, it was found that the dominant color was agreed with every dying process. However the variation of the color of the slide fastener produced by the metallic layered process and by the thin-layered process were larger than that of the slide fastener produced by the normal dyeing. From these results, microscopic colorimetry become one of the quality management of slide fasteners.
As defined by ISO, the word "legibility" is defined as the "ability for unambiguous identification of single characters or symbols that may be presented in a noncontextual format" 1). Assessments of legibility for text printed on paper or electronic devices have relied on subjective experience because legibility has been regarded as primarily a psychological property 2). However, recent research has reported a novel technique using microscopic photometry as one of the available methodologies to assess human visual impression such as aesthetics of the fabrics or the slide fasteners 3,4). The principle of microscopic photometry is guided by the retina receiving process of light distribution that occurs by reflection from visual target composed of simple patterns. Single characters embody more complex, high-frequency visual information, so this photometry appears difficult to apply to assessments of legibility. However, previous research has shown that single characters can be described using the sinusoidal patterns of spatial frequency functions 5). Therefore, it is possible that single-character legibility may be described in terms of sinusoidal pattern visibility. In our previous study 6) , we developed experimental devices based on the principle of microscopic photometry for assessment of the visibility of a pattern printed or displayed on various media. In addition, several optical parameters expected to be determinants of visibility have been suggested. On the other hand, it is well known that visibility is affected by the specifications of visual targets, ambient conditions, and visual acuity of observers 7,8). For example, the contrast between the target and the medium is one of the important factors for visibility. Illuminance of ambient conditions also largely affect the visibility. Hence, the assessment of visibility should be conducted under in wellcontrolled environment. An additional requirement is to arrange the experiment to exactly reproduce the viewer's actual situation. The observational distance is one of the key parameters to consider the actual situation. For example, the observational distance totally differs between digital signage use and digital book use. Generally, the viewing angle is used as a parameter instead of the observational distance, because the recognizable minimal viewing angle reflected on a person's retina is physiologically constant even if the observational distance is changed. Therefore, the landolt ring chart or the contrast sensitivity chart is normally used as a testing tool < Contribution > A Distance-Dependent Quantitative Model of Visibility, by Hiroki MARU, Kazuki OHARA, Fumihito SHIMIZU, Hiroyuki KANAI & Masayoshi KAMIJO. A Distance-Dependent Quantitative Model of Visibility 1 Hiroki MARU 2 ,Kazuki OHARA 3 ,Fumihito SHIMIZU 3 ,Hiroyuki KANAI 3 ,Masayoshi KAMIJO 2 Visibility is a psychological quantity based on the physical properties of media such as printed papers or electronic display devices. An objective assessment standard of visibility has not yet been establ...
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