This study focused on citizen participation and collaboration in the process of construction of public facilities. We tried to clarify the definition of citizen participation and collaboration. To be specific, we analyzed how collaborative efforts occurred from citizen participation as they transpired within the confines of an area where the collaborative relationship is being covered. We arranged this publicly-led participative concept of collaboration as it developed and as it eventually led into such a complementary relationship. In the case study, we found that collaboration occurred where active discussion had been conducted in the early stages of public participation activities.
Both theoretical and empirical research studies the factors influencing firms' location choices. This paper presents a new viewpoint by considering relationship continuity to explain small-scale relocations and relocations of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which represent the majority of firms. The influences of firms' relationships with financing institutions are studied using a two-stage nested logit model. Consequently, the positive effect of relationships on location choices is revealed and the factors preventing firms from moving are described. The model is valid for estimating relocations to medium-sized cities, and the influences on shrinking firms as opposed to expanding firms are especially strong.
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