Cluster structures of excited10 Be states are investigated with a hybrid model of dineutron condensate wave functions and 6 He+α cluster wave functions. Two kinds of cluster states are theoretically suggested a few MeV above the α+α+n+n threshold energy. They have quite distinct cluster structure; ones have gas-like structures of α+α+dineutron, and the others have 6 He+α with extremely extended an α cluster. Although these cluster states have not been confirmed experimentally yet, theoretically suggested properties of these states such as monopole transition strengths and α-decay widths may be helpful for possible experimental observation.

α-cluster excited states in 32 S are investigated with an extended 28 Si+α cluster model, in which the 28 Si core deformation and rotation, and the α-cluster breaking are incorporated. In the GCM calculation with the extended 28 Si+α cluster model, the α-cluster excited states are obtained near the 28 Si+α threshold energy. The 28 Si core deformation and rotation effects, and also the α-clusters breaking in the 28 Si+α system are discussed. It is found that the rotation of the oblately deformed 28 Si core gives a significant effect to the α-cluster excited states whereas the α-cluster breaking gives only a minor effect.

Strapped porphyrins were prepared directly by the acid-catalyzed condensation reaction of 3,3′-diethyl-4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-dipyrrylmethane and methylenedioxy bridged dialdehydes having a strap linkage longer than 7 atoms. Dimeric and trimeric porphyrins with coplanar and orthogonal (T-shape) geometries were also synthesized in good yields as an application of this method. In the strapped porphyrins, the distortion of porphyrin ring increases systematically on shortening the strap linkage, which is confirmed by their 1H NMR data, red shifted absorption, and fluorescence spectra. In the coplanar dimeric and trimeric porphyrins, the electronic interactions between the porphyrins were distinctly observed, while in the orthogonal “T-shaped” dimers and “H-shaped” trimers, appreciable electronic interactions were not observed.

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We investigate positive-parity states of 10 B with the calculation of antisymmetrized molecular dynamics focusing on pn pair correlations. We discuss effects of the spin-orbit interaction on energy spectra and pn correlations of the J π T = 1 0 state has almost no energy gain of the spin-orbit interaction, whereas the 3 + 1 0 state gains the spin-orbit interaction energy largely to come down to the ground state. We interpret a part of the two-body spin-orbit interaction in the adopted effective interactions as a contribution of the genuine N N N force, and find it to be essential for the level ordering of the 3 + 1 0 and 1 + 1 0 states in 10 B. We also apply a 2α + pn model to discuss effects of the spin-orbit interaction on T = 0 and T = 1 pn pairs around the 2α core. In the spin-aligned J π T = 3 + 0 state, the spin-orbit interaction affects the (ST ) = (10) pair attractively and keeps the pair close to the core, whereas, in the 1 + 0 state, it gives a minor effect to the (ST ) = (10) pair. In the 0 + 1 state, the (ST ) = (01) pair is somewhat dissociated by the spin-orbit interaction.