Recently, climate change has resulted in an increasing number of heavy rainfall events. Heavy rainfalls tend to cause large-scale landslides and create large landslide dams. Large landslide dams retain a large amount of water and often burst causing floods and catastrophic damage in the downstream area. Therefore, the study of landslide dam deformation is essential for predicting potential floods to implement effective flood risk management. To understand the landslide dam deformation process and dam outflow discharge characteristics, we carried out field experiments of landslide dam erosion by overtopping flow. In the field experiments, we observed the landslide dam deformation process directly. In a third experimental case, small slope failure occurred and we found that small slope failure affects the outflow discharge. In addition, we developed a numerical model to simulate landslide dam erosion by overtopping flow. To improve the prediction of the outflow discharge, we incorporated the inertial debris flow model, the side bank erosion model, and the slope collapse model into our numerical model. The resulting proposed model is tested by comparing the results of simulation with observation. The numerical model is capable of predicting outflow discharge by landslide dam burst.
Recently, climate change has resulted in an increasing number of heavy rainfall events. Heavy rainfalls tend to cause large-scale landslides and create large landslide dams. Large landslide dams retain a large amount of water and often burst causing floods and catastrophic damage in the downstream area. Therefore, the study of landslide dam deformation is essential for predicting potential floods to implement effective flood risk management. To understand the landslide dam deformation process and dam outflow discharge characteristics, we carried out flume experiments of landslide dam erosion by overtopping flow. In the flume experiments, we observed the landslide dam deformation process directly. We found that dam height and inflow discharge affect to outflow discharge. Secondly, we developed a numerical model to simulate landslide dam erosion by overtopping flow. To improve the prediction of the outflow discharge, we incorporated the inertial debris flow model, the side bank erosion model, and the slope collapse model into our numerical model. The resulting proposed model is tested by comparing the results of simulation with experiment data. In addition, we organized experimental data by dimensionless quantity and it may indicated that peak outflow is expressed by dam height and inflow discharge.
Numerous cases of hazardous flooding attributed to irrigation tank overflows under concentrated downpours have recently been reported. Using a hydrograph to predict overflows is an important countermeasure against hazardous flooding in downstream areas. However, many studies have considered only the peak flow discharge without a hydrograph timescale when predicting runoff characteristics due to irrigation tank overflows. This paper uses numerical simulation to emphasize the importance of runoff characteristics and proposes a new hydrographic index to evaluate flooding risks in downstream areas. The proposed index includes both the peak flow discharge and the hydrograph timescale. The applicability of this two-dimensional numerical simulation model is examined by comparing examples of actual damage with the results of in situ experimentation carried out in a narrow channel located at a mountainous site.
Recently, many hazardous flooding cases caused by an irrigation tank overflow under concentrated downpour have been reported. Using a hydrograph to predict the overflow is an important countermeasure against hazardous flooding in the downstream area. Many preceding studies have considered only peak flow discharge without timescale for the hydrograph in the prediction of runoff characteristics due to irrigation tank flow. The present paper deals with the importance of the runoff characteristics and proposes a new index for the hydrograph to evaluate flooding risks in the downstream area, using numerical simulation. The proposed index includes both peak flow discharge and timescale for the hydrograph. Next, the applicability of the two-dimensional numerical simulation model is examined comparing the examples of damage with the in situ experimental results, which were carried out in a narrow channel located in a mountainous site.
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