Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAI) drugs are the most commonly used group of drugs today. Increase in the use of standard NSAI for treating pain and inflammation was restricted by the fact that these drugs were proven to possibly cause gastrointestinal and renal toxicity. Meloxicam is a NSAI that has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. This study aims to investigate the effects of meloxicam on stomach, kidney, and liver of rats under light microscopy level. Based on the light microscopic observations, mononuclear cell infiltration and pseudolobular formation was established in liver samples of animals in the experimental group. Metaplasia in surface and glandular epithelia and atrophy were observed in stomach samples. Glomerular stasis-related hypertrophy and focal interstitial nephritis were found in kidneys. It was concluded in this study that meloxicam might cause hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and gastric metaplasia in rats at a used dose and duration.

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment success almost always depends on multiple factors. Every step of the ART affects pregnancy development. Thus, from folliculogenesis to embryo transfer, all steps of ART should be investigated to improve pregnancy rates. Oocyte quality, which is dependent on oocyte maturity, also plays a major role in the development potential of the embryo (1). There are two components of maturity-nuclear maturity and cytoplasmic maturity-and both components must occur in a coordinated and well-synchronized manner. It is generally recognized that a high-quality oocyte must complete nuclear maturity (M-II oocyte) and should have a round-clear zona pellucida, a small perivitelline space containing a single-non fragmented normal-sized first polar body, and a pale, moderately granular cytoplasm with no vacuoles, and a smooth endoplasmic reticulum (2, 3). However, in addition to the factors that affect oocyte quality, controlled ovarian stimulation protocols are also important.Even though oocyte morphological scoring is not yet uniform, ESHRE offers an evaluation of every oocyte with uniform parameters to facilitate the delivery of optimal embryos on day 3 or day 5. The most important criteria for oocyte morphology are the following: cumulus-oocyte complex scoring; zona pellucida scoring; perivitelline space abnormalities, such as dilatation or granularity; polar body scoring; cytoplasmic scoring; and vacuolization (4). Perivitelline space abnormalities are among the most important dysmorphisms of the extracytoplasmic component. It has been reported that a large perivitelline space may be associated with increased oocyte degeneration (5) and lower fertilization rates (6). However, studies have failed to find a correlation between the size and shape of the perivitelline space and fertilization rate or embryo development (1, 7). In the present study, we evaluated the differences in the development of grade I embryos in normal oocytes and in oocytes with a large perivitelline space. Original Investigation 161Objective: In assisted reproductive technology (ART), high embryo quality is closely related to high-quality oocytes. Cytoplasmic maturation and extracytoplasmic maturation are the most important components in determining oocyte quality. One of the most important components of extracytoplasmic maturation is perivitelline abnormalities. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of perivitelline abnormalities on the development of high-quality embryos. Material and Methods:The study material consisted of 217 of 1154 oocytes from 98 intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles undertaken due to male factor infertility. Only cycles with long gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs combined with recombinant Follicle-stimulating hormone (rec-FSH) were included in study. We compared 105 metaphase-II oocytes that had dominantly perivitelline space abnormalities (large perivitelline space with or without granules) with 112 normal metaphase-II oocytes, based on the embryo grade determi...

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