Mangiferin, a bioactive compound derived primarily from Anacardiaceae and Gentianaceae families and found in mangoes and honeybush tea, has been extensively studied for its therapeutic properties. Mangiferin has shown promising chemotherapeutic and chemopreventative potential. This review focuses on the effect of mangiferin on: (1) inflammation, with respect to NFκB, PPARү and the immune system; (2) cell cycle, the MAPK pathway G2/M checkpoint; (3) proliferation and metastasis, and implications on β-catenin, MMPs, EMT, angiogenesis and tumour volume; (4) apoptosis, with a focus on Bax/Bcl ratios, intrinsic/extrinsic apoptotic pathways and telomerase activity; (5) oxidative stress, through Nrf2/ARE signalling, ROS elimination and catalase activity; and (6) efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents, such as oxaliplatin, etoposide and doxorubicin. In addition, the need to enhance the bioavailability and delivery of mangiferin are briefly addressed, as well as the potential for toxicity.

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Aim The study aimed to investigate the associations between glycaemic control after acute pancreatitis and gastrointestinal motility, using plasma motilin concentration and gastroparesis cardinal symptom index score as proxies. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited a total of 93 individuals after acute pancreatitis. Gastroparesis cardinal index scores, demographic and anthropometric factors, as well as pancreatitis-related factors were analysed. Fasting venous blood was collected to measure motilin, glycated haemoglobin, and fasting blood glucose. Linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate the associations between glycaemic control and gastrointestinal motility in unadjusted and adjusted models. Results Motilin was significantly higher in individuals with diabetes across all adjusted models, with the highest ß-coefficient (95% confidence interval) of 588.89 (138.50, 1039.28); P=0.010. Fasting blood glucose was significantly associated with motilin across all models, with the highest ß-coefficient (95% confidence interval) of 156.30 (55.49, 257.10); P=0.002. Glycated haemoglobin was significantly associated with motilin in one adjusted model with ß-coefficient (95% confidence interval) of 18.78 (1.53, 36.02); P=0.033. Gastroparesis cardinal symptom index was not significantly associated with any measure of glycaemic control. Conclusions Diabetes in individuals after acute pancreatitis appears to be characterised by elevated plasma motilin but not gastroparesis cardinal symptom index. The role of motilin in this setting warrants further investigations.