BackgroundPrevious studies supported that dietary factor was associated with constipation, but the relationship between dietary energy intake and constipation has not been well-studied. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence and correlation between energy intake and constipation among men and women.MethodsThese observational analyses included 12,587 adults (≥20 years) from the 2005–2010 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Constipation was defined as Bristol Stool Scale Type 1 (separate hard lumps, like nuts) or Type 2 (sausage-like but lumpy). Total energy intake was obtained from the two 24-h dietary recalls and averaged. We used the logistic regression model in Generalized Linear Model (GLM) function, controlling demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors, to estimate the association between energy intake and constipation among men and women.ResultsThe overall weighted incidence of constipation in this research was 7.4%, the incidence in women and men was 10.4 and 4.3%, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, middle energy consumption correlated with decreased risk of constipation in men (OR:0.5, 95% CI:0.29–0.84), and lower-middle energy intake increased the constipation risk in women (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.15–2.13). High energy consumption was not associated with increased or decreased constipation risk.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first research to investigate the association between energy intake and constipation; the study demonstrates that appropriate energy consumption can help reduce the risk of constipation in men, and relatively low energy intake is associated with increased constipation risk in women.
BackgroundPrevious studies suggested that unhealthy sleep patterns were closely associated with gastrointestinal diseases, but the impact of unhealthy sleep duration on chronic constipation has not been well studied until now. In this study, we aim to explore the association between sleep duration and constipation among males and females.MethodsWe utilized the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys data from 2005 to 2010, and adults (≥20 years old) who completed the sleep and bowel health questionnaires were enrolled in this observational study. Sleep duration was categorized into four groups: very short sleep (<5 h/night), short sleep (5–6 h/night), normal sleep (7–8 h/night), and long sleep (≥9 h/night). Chronic constipation was defined as Bristol Stool Scale Type 1(separate hard lumps, like nuts) or Type 2(sausage-like but lumpy). Controlling demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors, the logistic regression model in Generalized Linear Model (GLM) function was used to estimate the correlation of sleep duration with constipation among men and women.ResultsOf the 11,785 individuals (51.2% males and 48.8% females), 4.3% of men and 10.2% of women had constipation, respectively. More than half of patients with constipation did not adopt the recommended sleep duration. Compared with normal individuals, male participants with constipation had a higher proportion of shorter sleep duration (41.0 vs. 32.3% in the short sleep group and 6.3 vs. 4.7% in the very short sleep group), and female individuals with constipation had a higher proportion of long sleep duration (12.7 vs. 8.2%). After covariates adjustment, men with short sleep duration (5–6 h/night) correlated with increased odds for constipation (OR:1.54, 95%CI:1.05–2.25), and women with long sleep duration (≥9 h/night) linked to the higher constipation risk (OR:1.58, 95%CI:1.10–2.29). Excessive sleep duration in males or insufficient sleep duration in females was neither linked to increased nor decreased constipation risk.ConclusionsIn this observational study of a nationally representative sample of adults, we demonstrate a differential impact of unhealthy sleep duration on constipation among men and women. Short sleep duration poses a higher risk of constipation in men, and excessive sleep duration correlates with higher constipation risk in women.
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