These data demonstrate that HPMC synthesize IL-8, MCP-1 and RANTES in response to inflammatory cytokines. HPMC-derived C-x-C and C-C chemokines might contribute to the intra-peritoneal recruitment of leukocytes during peritoneal inflammation.

Cytokine dysregulation is an important factor underlying the immune unresponsiveness to hepatitis B vaccination (HBV) in renal transplant recipients. This study investigated the relationship between monocyte-derived interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) production and the immune responsiveness using flow cytometry (cytoflow) after whole blood culture. According to their previous response to hepatitis B vaccination, 40 renal transplant recipients were divided into two groups of 20 patients. The percentage of CD14+ monocytes stained positive for intracellular IL-6 or IL-10 was measured using flow cytometry after 4 and 20 h of whole blood culture with lipopolysaccharide stimulation. The percentage of CD14 + /IL-6 + cells after incubation in vitro for 4 h was lower in the responders compared to the non-responders and controls (27.15 * 8.93 vs 35.47 * 9.95, P = NS; and 37.06 & 10.89, P < 0.05 respectively).The staining intensity of IL-6 at 4 h for responders was also significantly reduced. At 20 h, there were a significantly higher percentage of CD14+ /IL-lO + positive cells in the responders compared to the non-responders (41.874~ 18.39 vs 27.55 * 17.25, P < 0.05). These results indicate that alteration of intracellular cytokine profile in activated monocytes distinguishes the HBV vaccination responders from the non-responders among renal transplant recipients. The capacity to upregulate monocyte IL-I0 production in this subset of patients may modulate the immune responsiveness and effectively assists in mounting a positive response to HBV vaccination.