BackgroundFasciola gigantica-induced immunomodulation is a major hurdle faced by the host for controlling infection. Here, we elucidated the role of F. gigantica Ras-related protein Rab10 (FgRab10) in the modulation of key functions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of goats.MethodsWe cloned and expressed recombinant FgRab10 (rFgRab10) protein and examined its effects on several functions of goat PBMCs. Protein interactors of rFgRab10 were predicted in silico by querying the databases Intact, String, BioPlex and BioGrid. In addition, a total energy analysis of each of the identified interactions was also conducted. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was carried out using FuncAssociate 3.0.ResultsThe FgRab10 gene (618 bp), encodes 205-amino-acid residues with a molecular mass of ~23 kDa, had complete nucleotide sequence homology with F. hepatica Ras family protein gene (PIS87503.1). The rFgRab10 protein specifically cross-reacted with anti-Fasciola antibodies as shown by Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. This protein exhibited multiple effects on goat PBMCs, including increased production of cytokines [interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-10, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ)] and total nitric oxide (NO), enhancing apoptosis and migration of PBMCs, and promoting the phagocytic ability of monocytes. However, it significantly inhibited cell proliferation. Homology modelling revealed 63% identity between rFgRab10 and human Rab10 protein (Uniprot ID: P61026). Protein interaction network analysis revealed more stabilizing interactions between Rab proteins geranylgeranyltransferase component A 1 (CHM) and Rab proteins geranylgeranyltransferase component A 2 (CHML) and rFgRab10 protein. Gene Ontology analysis identified RabGTPase mediated signaling as the most represented pathway.ConclusionsrFgRab10 protein exerts profound influences on various functions of goat PBMCs. This finding may help explain why F. gigantica is capable of provoking recognition by host immune cells, less capable of destroying this successful parasite.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3148-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Pore structure of soft-slicing coal (SSC) is analyzed with physical adsorption method. Several experiment schemes are designed to carry out the tests of gas seepage characteristics of soft-slicing coal at the different confining pressures, gas pressures and axial pressures, with the self-developed gas seepage triaxial pressure experimental system. The typical coal from TianFu coal mine is especially sampled with different designed surface area parameters. The experiment results demonstrate the relations between the seepage velocity, the effective axial feed, and gas pressure. Under the conditions of the constant axial and confining pressure, the seepage velocity increases in an exponent way with gas pressure increasing, the permeability coefficient decreases in negative exponent, and this seepage process shows capacity fractal properties.
Extracting product concept is the foundation to establish the model of mechanical product knowledge representation based on ontology. User demand documentation contains a number of domain knowledge. In allusion to this characteristic, the paper, using improved domain concept acquisition method of domain relevance and domain consensus, acquires machine concepts from requirements book of mechanical design domain automatically, to set up a complete mechanical knowledge expression model. Experiment results show that this method has good effect.
A displacement measurement based on the acceleration sensor, the acceleration signal detection, conditioning hardware circuit design and displacement calculation; Due to signal interference in the measurement process, in order to improve the measurement accuracy of the acceleration signal, a composite filter, and completed the programming of the MSP430 microcontroller, field tests showed that the displacement calculation results obtained on the basis of the acceleration measurement to fully meet the accuracy requirements of field measurement.
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