Contributing to the current debate on the history of security, this essay examines the value "security" had in the late 19th century as a normative maxim for European rulers. It gives examples of attacks on state and government leaders and analyzes their reactions and the resultant discussions about the protection of monarchs. These case studies will demonstrate that the security culture of the heads of European states was shaped more by the traditional model of aristocratic, military and manly virtuousness than by security considerations well into the late 19th century. Yet the evolution of modern terrorism soon revealed the limits of this traditional security culture. * Eine erste Version der Teile I-III und V hat Carola Dietze im Sommer 2007 whrend der Summer School des Berliner Kollegs fr Vergleichende Geschichte Europas an der FU Berlin vorgestellt. Fr Diskussion und Anregungen dankt sie allen Teilnehmern der Summer School und insbesondere spiritus rector und Organisatorin Tatjana Tçnsmeyer sowie Friedrich Lenger. Frithjof Benjamin Schenk hat frhere Versionen des vierten Teils bei verschiedenen Anlssen in Deutschland und den USA vorgetragen.
Derailment of express train rekindles Russian fears; BIDDER Anschlag auf Newski-Express. Rus sia's Federal Security Service (FSB) later accused Alexander Tikhomirov, an Islamist rebel from Chechnya, who was killed during a raid in Ingushetiya at the beginning of March 2010, of bearing responsibility for this terrorist act. Cf. Ingushetia rebel killed in raid by Russian troops. 2 According to "Jane's Intelligence Review" between 1998 and July 2006 there were at least 74 separate terrorist attacks on railways worldwide. HINDS Mumbai bombings signal sustained rail terrorism trend. 3 LITVINOV/ROZHKOV Bor'ba s terrorizmom; LIEBERMAN / BUCHT Rail Transport Security; MERKI Die Verwundbarkeit des modernen Verkehrs.
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