Nanostructure formation on bulk metals (copper, gold, and silver) by picosecond (FWHM = 10 ps) Nd:YAG laser irradiation was studied aiming at the production of low-reflectivity surfaces. The experiments were performed at two distinct wavelengths (λ = 355 and 1064 nm) using 20 kHz repetition frequency. The fluence was varied in the 1-11 J/cm 2 range, while the samples were shot by an average pulse number from 0 to 50 depending on the scanning speed of the applied galvanometric scanner. The reflectivity of the treated surfaces was recorded with a visible near-infrared microspectrometer in the 450-800 nm range. Morphological investigations of the irradiated metal surfaces were performed with scanning electron microscope, which showed that mainly two types of nanostructures can be responsible for the reflectivity decrease depending on the type of the illuminated metal. Finite element modeling was performed to simulate the laser absorption-induced heating of the illuminated samples, which helps in the understanding of the structure formation process. It was found that two main processes take place in the production of micro-and nanostructures on the surface; the ejection and falling back of molten metal droplets, and the back scattering and aggregation of nanoparticles.

Due to increasing market transparency, companies are mainly focusing on development of customized products. In this course, a competitive advantage should be achieved through the automated adaptation of product characteristics. In order to achieve this, development engineers focus primarily on modifying existing designs and refrain from re-running the entire product development process (PDP). However, this approach is primarily limited to the CAD environment. Previous phases of the PDP are not integrated, leading to a lack of traceability and continuity. Media breaks and API conflicts arise which increase costs. In order to make use of this potential, this article shows a concept for integration of all phases of the RFLP approach into a tool for customization of adaptation constructions.

The authors investigate the theoretical and methodological ability of the accounting institute to solve the problem of information support for the implementation of the national (global) sustainable development policy. This ability is demonstrated by using methods of accounting and analytical support and mathematical analysis of the quadratic correlation and regression dependence of the added value of enterprises from the value of social and environmental costs. All studies were conducted separately for micro, small, medium and large enterprises in Ukraine and Germany (2011-2019). The results are designed using the U-shaped curve which demonstrates a direct relationship between environmental costs and the added value of the company for Ukrainian enterprises and indirect one for micro and large enterprises in Germany. Social expenses show a significant inverse U-shaped relationship with the value of the company in Ukraine, but large German enterprises fall out of this list and patterns. The ability of integrated reporting to mitigate the imbalance between the added value of the enterprise (enterprise value) and social/environmental costs has been proven. It is determined that the formation and presentation of integrated reporting should be the prerogative of not only large enterprises, but also medium and small ones, and it will ultimately lead to the sustainable development of the region, industry, and country.

This paper presents a holistic approach to structure and classify requirements of the product life cycle systematically and make them accessible for the evaluation process. In a first analysis step, process models of selected literature are analyzed regarding classification and structuring of requirements as well as their derivation into evaluation criteria. In a subsequent synthesis step, the classification system is developed with a consistent consideration of the multicriteria evaluation process. This approach therefore contributes to raise the awareness of an appropriate handling of requirements and to minimize forgotten requirements as well as evaluation criteria. As a result, costly iterations in the development process can be reduced sustainably by using the proposed approach.

The automotive industry electrifies a huge variety of previously mechanically-actuated car functions. While sharing the same function, the used electric motors often differ in customer related geometries and interfaces. The suppliers have to cope with this huge external variance using an appropriate variant management. With this paper, the support of the variant management of electric drives by knowledge-based systems is proposed. Therefore, a combination of two systems containing the knowledge of the configuration and design of motors are used. The concept is applied and evaluated on the example of the shaft rotor lamination connection. As a result, the amount of internal variants can be reduced and controlled as well as the designer can be supported during the development process.