Hydrogen from water is an alternative energy source that can replace fossil fuels and is environmentally friendly. Various methods have been developed in producing hydrogen from water, including the process of photocatalysis and electrolysis. Photocatalysis is a water splitting event to produce hydrogen from water that utilizes photon energy. Most photocatalyst materials are made of semiconductor material because they have an energy gap that allows them to produce electron-holes if they are subjected to photon energy from a particular source that causes a water splitting event. Water electrolysis is the decomposition of water compounds (H2O) into oxygen gas (O2) and hydrogen gas (H2) by using an electric current through the water. Some of the obstacles of the two methods above are 1) photocatalysis: most of the photocatalyst materials that have been developed to date only work efficiently in the ultra violet light range and the amount of hydrogen production has not been maximized, 2) electrolysis: to produce hydrogen on a large scale, requires electricity in large quantities as a trigger for a reaction, so it requires high production costs. In this paper, through a literature review, a method of separating hydrogen and oxygen from water through a photocatalysis process that utilizes the energy of photons from visible light is combined with the electrolysis process to increase hydrogen production with a fairly small current.
This research aims to develop the design of wind-solar power plants in shrimp pond areas. The prototype was developed according to the design of the generator made. Design efficiency is demonstrated by analyzing electrical energy generated in the system. The methods include: build generator system design, prototype assembly and testing. The design developed is to maximize work of the radial generator system through manufacturing of rotors with neodymium magnets. The test results obtained an average battery charging of 29.72 watts. The lowest solar intensity occurs at 06.00 WIB (46300 lumens). While the highest intensity occurred at 14.00 WIB (116200 lumens). The highest wind speed of 2.8 m/s at 12:00 WIB. This clarifies that the intensity of the sun and wind speed affect the value of battery, the value will be directly proportional that the greater the intensity and speed, the greater electrical energy produced.
We have evaluated the process of watersplitting into hydrogen gas. Electrolysis-photocatalysis reactor is used to harvest hydrogen gas through water splitting, a combination of electrolysis and photocatalysis reactions. The concentration of hydrogen gas (H2) is detected by the MQ-8 sensor and the number of bubbles is calculated. Evaluation of watersplitting is done by varying the DC voltage source (3V, 6V, 9V, 12V). We found the highest concentration of H2 gas was produced at 12 volts 616300 ppm for 600 seconds, The largest increase from the photocatalyst-electrolysis reaction combination was found to be 182017 ppm. Here we observe a linear increase in hydrogen with increasing voltage which results in a faster electrolysis process. But what is most interesting is the increase in H2 during the simultaneous electrolysis-photocatalysis process. the combined reaction has increased the amount of hydrogen greater than the sum of the photocatalytic and electrolysis reactions taking place separately. It is most likely that a mutually reinforcing reaction occurs so that the overall activation energy of the system becomes smaller in the process of dissociating water into hydrogen.
Water with hydrogen content is a source of renewable fuels that are available in abundance. However, the main constraint of the process of water splitting or hydrolysis is the amount of energy needed in the process. Photocatalysis material is a material that can function as a catalyst that helps the water-splitting process. The characteristics of photocatalytic material are mainly determined by the energy gap or bandgap that will allow the excitation of electrons and holes. This paper will discuss the literature review on the development of ZnO and TiO2 semiconductors as photocatalysis materials.
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