Freek Colombijn
Cet article retrace les grands traits de l'histoire du football indonésien pendant ce siècle. Le développement du football indonésien suit à un degré remarquable l'histoire récente de l'Indonésie. Les principaux points en sont : les intérêts financiers concernés, la rivalité entre associations de football nationalistes et hollandaises, les tentatives de modernisation du football par le gouvernement de l'Ordre Nouveau et les batailles rangées (entre camps adversaires qui changent selon les périodes).
Informal waste-pickers can contribute to municipal solid waste management by significantly reducing the amount of waste that ends up in landfills or lies unattended in streets and watercourses, and they can recover important resources. We want to build on recent studies on the role of informal waste-pickers by highlighting one particular aspect: the degree wastepickers are organized into cooperatives. Stimulated by the paradox that, despite the apparent advantages of waste-picker cooperatives, not all waste-pickers in the cities are members of a cooperative, we have made a comparative study of waste-picking in Belo Horizonte (Brazil) and Surabaya (Indonesia). We focus on three aspects: waste as an (economic) resource, the low social status of waste-pickers, and their role in urban solid waste management. We shall argue that not only do cooperatives have positive effects on waste-picking but there are also negative consequences.
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