Integrative and spatialized tools for studying the effects of a wide variety of ecosystem drivers are needed to implement ecosystem-based management and marine spatial planning. We developed a tool for analyzing the direct and indirect effects of anthropic activities on the structure and functioning of coastal and marine ecosystems. Using innovative modelling techniques, we ran a spatially explicit model to carry out an ecological network analysis (ENA) of the effects of climate change (CC), of an offshore wind farm (OWF) and of multiple fishing scenarios on the Bay of Seine (eastern part of the English Channel) ecosystem. ENA indices described the effects of those different drivers in a holistic and spatial way. The spatial analysis of ecosystem properties revealed local and global patterns of modifications attributed to CC, while the OWF resulted in localized changes in the ecosystem. This ability of ENA indicators to detect human-induced changes in ecosystem functioning at various spatial scales allows for a more integrative view of the effects of human activities on ecosystems. ENA indices could be used to link both local and global ecosystem changes, for a more cross-scale approach to ecosystem management.
Les pôles territoriaux de coopération économique (PTCE), sont des réseaux locaux de production de biens et services centrés sur une ou plusieurs entreprises de l’économie sociale et solidaire (ESS). Ces pôles regroupent des acteurs dont les logiques spatiales diverses, voire contradictoires, peuvent compromettre la réussite et la pérennité de la coopération. L’analyse montre que le lien à l’espace est porteur de valeurs et en ce sens qu’il est susceptible de consolider les PTCE. Le concept de formation sociospatiale permet de mieux appréhender et comprendre cette capacité éventuelle des PTCE à territorialiser l’espace sur les plans économique, géographique, politique et idéologique. Opérationnalisé, au travers de trois études de cas, le concept s’avère pertinent pour dévoiler les conditions permettant, ou pas, aux PTCE de coconstruire et d’institutionnaliser des modèles de développement local originaux, particulièrement adaptés aux territoires fragiles, en s’appuyant sur la mise en cohérence d’une identité territoriale multifacette et locale.
Ageing of population is a current phenomenon which is growing both in France and England. Retirement migrations to coastal areas actually amplify this phenomenon, and strait coastal regions follow this logic which tends to standardize both coastal areas along the English Channel.
Two Costa Geriatrica face each other, and underline a growing coastal tropism. This article tries to clarify this migratory phenomenon in the strait of the Pas-de-Calais region, by a comparative analysis spread out over twenty years, then illustrating these facts through «zooms», made on both sides of the English Channel.
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