Abstract-In this paper, the power consumption of a white-red-green-blue (WRGB) active-matrix organic light-emitting device (OLED) display and the resulting temperature distribution across the display are analyzed as a function of the applied image and the luminance of the emitted light. It has been shown previously that temperature directly impacts the picture quality of an OLED display. Luminance, spectral radiance, power and temperature measurements are performed on a 55-in WRGB OLED display with a resolution of 1920 1080. A power model is presented that allows calculating the display's power consumption for a given applied image. This involves the dependency of the efficiency of the white OLED on the current density, the wavelength dependent transmission of the color filters and the contribution of each of the subpixels in producing the display's nominal white. The output of the power model is used as input for a basic thermal model that simulates the temperature distribution across the display. The thermal model is based on 3D computational fluid dynamics analysis framework (FloEFD). A good agreement between the simulations and measurements on the sample WRGB OLED display is obtained.
Abstract-This paper describes how long-term use impacts the light output of a commercial 55" WRGB AMOLED display with InGaZnO TFT backplane. This covers effects which are known by the terms "aging", "image-sticking," and "burn-in." The focus is on three different observations: permanent change in light output as a function of time, permanent screen burn-in, and permanent shift in color point. From this work it can be concluded that state-of-theart OLED displays still suffer from light output instability under prolonged stress. The results suggest that the permanent change in light output can be explained by the combination of three different phenomena: a decrease in efficiency of the OLEDs as a function of time for active subpixels, a positive threshold voltage shift of the driving transistor for active subpixels, and a negative threshold voltage shift of the driving transistor for inactive subpixels, if they are illuminated and/or kept at high temperature. To our knowledge, this is the first work that describes and quantifies the permanent change in light output of a commercial WRGB OLED panel with InGaZnO TFT backplane. It sheds light on which effects occur and can be a valuable tool, both in the design and optimization of OLED panels and in the determining the circumstances under which this technology may be applicable.
Abstract-In this paper, the influence of temperature on the luminance of an organic light-emitting device (OLED) display is investigated. Luminance, temperature, and power measurements are executed on a 55-in white-red-green-blue active-matrix OLED display with a resolution of 1920 × 1080 and an oxide-thin-filmtransistor (TFT) backplane, under a controlled, static temperature environment. The measurements indicate a strong influence of temperature on the luminance of the display, resulting from the temperature dependence of both the TFT and the OLED. The influence of temperature on the luminance of an OLED display is also investigated in a dynamic context. Measurements show that temperature changes resulting from losses in the display have an important influence on the luminance stability of the display. The measurements linking luminance and temperature in a static temperature environment allow estimating the change in luminance in a dynamic context. Finally, this paper presents the results of a number of experiments that were set up to show scenarios in which the temperature dependence of the display's luminance has a direct negative impact on the picture quality of the display. The results of this work show that the thermal behavior of an OLED display must be taken into account when working towards a high-performing OLED display.
During laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy, pelvic organ prolapse is repaired by suturing one side of a synthetic mesh around the vaginal vault while stapling the other end to the sacrum, restoring the anatomical position of the vagina. A perineal assistant positions and tensions the vault with a vaginal manipulator instrument to properly expose the vaginal tissue to the laparoscopic surgeon. A technical difficulty during this surgery is the loss of depth perception due to visualization of the patient's internals on a 2D screen. Especially during precise surgical tasks, a more natural way to understand the distance between the laparoscopic instruments and the surgical region of interest could be advantageous. This work describes an exploratory study to investigate the potential of introducing 3D visualization into this surgical intervention. More in particular, experimentation is conducted with autostereoscopic display technology. A mixed reality setup was constructed featuring a virtual reality model of the vagina, 2D and 3D visualization, a physical interface representing the tissue of the body wall and a tracking system to track instrument motion. An experiment was conducted whereby the participants had to navigate the instrument to a number of pre-defined locations under 2D or 3D visualization. Compared to 2D, a considerable reduction in average task time (−42.9 %), travelled path lenght (−31.8 %) and errors (−52.2 %) was observed when performing the experiment in 3D. Where this work demonstrated a potential benefit of autostereoscopic visualization with respect to 2D visualization, in future work we wish to investigate if there also exists a benefit when comparing this technology with conventional stereoscopic visualization and whether stereoscopy can be used for (semi-) automated guidance during robotic laparoscopy.
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