A new complete, representative model for the hydroxylated surface of amorphous silica is presented and characterized by means of periodic DFT calculations. This model accounts for the experimentally encountered ring size distribution, Si−O−Si and O−Si−O angles, silanols density, and distribution (isolated, associated, geminals). Properties such as NMR shifts, dehydrogenation energies, OH vibrational frequencies, and the interaction with water are investigated. The results are compared with former experimental and theoretical results. This new representative model for this complex surface would probably help the investigation of its reactivity toward amino acids or other organic molecules, opening new perspectives in the understanding of the chemistry of amorphous materials.

The bonding of propanethiol molecules on a Au(111) surface is investigated using period DFT calculations within the framework of our model for chemical bond breaking that was recently proposed. The S-H bond breaking and the Au-S bond formation are analyzed through the evolution of the density of states. The energetics confirms the complexity of the reaction emerging from the interthiol chain interaction. The formation of a self-assembled monolayer is explained through a two-step mechanism, S-H bond breaking and Au-S bond formation. The production of H 2 is found to be more favorable than the formation of Au-H species. The bonding and antibonding electronic states of the S-H bond have been identified and their evolutions during the process of bond breaking carefully analyzed. The corresponding bonding and antibonding states for the C-S bond are practically not affected during this process, indicating that the bond is preserved. The s orbital of the hydrogen atom strongly interacts with the gold surface and finally a Au-H bond is formed.

Density functional theory (DFT) periodic ab initio molecular dynamics calculations are used to study the adsorption of gaseous and microsolvated glycine on a hydroxylated, hydrophilic silica surface. The silica model is presented and the interaction of water with surface silanols is studied. The heat of interaction of water is higher with the associated silanols (be they terminal or geminal ones) studied here than with isolated silanols presented in past works. Glycine is stabilized in a parallel mode on the hydroxylated surface. Terminal silanols do not allow the stabilization of the zwitterionic form, whereas geminal silanols do. Molecular dynamics (MD) first-principle calculations show that microsolvated zwitterion glycine directly binds through the carboxylate function to a surface silanol rather than through water molecules. The adsorption mode, whether with or without additional water molecules, is parallel to the surface. The ammonium function does not interact directly with the silanol groups but rather through water molecules. Thus, the carboxylate and ammonium functions exhibit two different reactivities towards silanols. The calculated free energies, taking into account the chemical potentials of water and glycine in the gas phase, suggest the existence of a thermodynamic domain in which the glycine is present in the gas phase as well as strongly adsorbed on specific sites of the surface.

International audienceSilica-supported chromium oxide systems are efficient catalysts for many important chemical processes. Despite many years of investigations, the structure of the surface Cr species is not unambiguously determined. In this work, comprehensive DFT investigations of the monomeric Cr(VI) oxide species on silica under dehydrated conditions are performed. A large number of advanced periodic and cluster models of the SiO2 surface, based on the beta-cristobalite structure and different amorphous structures, have been applied. The calculated relative energies of the rnonooxo and dioxo Cr(VI) species depend on their location on the surface and on the structure of the model. It is concluded that the dioxo Cr(VI) species are thermodynamically preferred, but the presence of the monoxo Cr(VI) species, being in minority, cannot be excluded. According to the vibrational frequency analysis, the asymmetric O=Cr=O stretching mode for the dioxo species and the Cr=O stretching mode for the monooxo species can overlap

The geometry, energetic, and spectroscopic properties of molecular structures of silica-supported vanadium oxide catalysts are studied using periodic density functional calculations. Isolated vanadia units deposed on amorphous silica are modeled at low coverage, 0.44 atoms nm -2 . The models are built following the grafting process through the reaction of a vanadium precursor with surface silanols: OV(OHThe most stable grafted structures involve one vanadyl group together with n(V-O-Si) bonds. The predominance of the vanadate groups is analyzed as a function of hydration by means of atomistic thermodynamics. At dehydrated conditions, the trigrafted pyramidal OV(O-Si) 3 species are predominant, whereas partial hydration stabilizes digrafted OV(OH)(O-Si) 2 and monografted OV(OH) 2 (O-Si) species. The harmonic vibrational spectra for selected models are compared to recent experimental infrared and Raman data, for representative bands, and vibrational modes. Hydration effects are discussed in terms of thermodynamic stability and vibrational spectra. The results obtained in this study show that the pyramidal OV(O-Si) 3 , digrafted OV(OH)(O-Si) 2 , and monografted OV(OH) 2 (O-Si) models can exist at a support surface, a trend in agreement with recent experimental findings.

International audienceUnderstanding the microscopic origin of the acid base behavior of mineral surfaces in contact with water is still a challenging task, for both the experimental and the theoretical communities. Even for a relatively simple material, such as silica, the origin of the bimodal acidity behavior is still a debated topic. In this contribution we calculate the acidity of single sites on the humid silica surface represented by a model for the hydroxylated amorphous surface. Using a thermodynamic integration approach based on ab initio molecular dynamics, we identify two different acidity values. In particular, some convex geminals and some type of vicinals are very acidic (pK(a) = 2.9 and 2.1, respectively) thanks to a special stabilization of their deprotonated forms. This recalls the behavior of the out-of-plane silanols on the crystalline (0001) alpha-quartz surface, although the acidity here is even stronger. On the contrary, the concave geminals and the isolated groups present a quite high pK(a) (8.9 and 10.3, respectively), similar to the one of silicic acid in liquid water

The structural organization of water at a model of amorphous silica-liquid water interface is investigated by ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations at room temperature. The amorphous surface is constructed with isolated, H-bonded vicinal and geminal silanols. In the absence of water, the silanols have orientations that depend on the local surface topology (i.e. presence of concave and convex zones). However, in the presence of liquid water, only the strong inter-silanol H-bonds are maintained, whereas the weaker ones are replaced by H-bonds formed with interfacial water molecules. All silanols are found to act as H-bond donors to water. The vicinal silanols are simultaneously found to be H-bond acceptors from water. The geminal pairs are also characterized by the formation of water H-bonded rings, which could provide special pathways for proton transfer(s) at the interface. The first water layer above the surface is overall rather disordered, with three main domains of orientations of the water molecules. We discuss the similarities and differences in the structural organization of the interfacial water layer at the surface of the amorphous silica and at the surface of the crystalline (0 0 0 1) quartz surface.

In the context of nanomedicine, liposils (liposomes and silica) have a strong potential for drug storage and release schemes: such materials combine the intrinsic properties of liposome (encapsulation) and silica (increased rigidity, protective coating, pH degradability). In this work, an original approach combining solid state NMR, molecular dynamics, first principles geometry optimization, and NMR parameters calculation allows the building of a precise representation of the organic/inorganic interface in liposils. {(1)H-(29)Si}(1)H and {(1)H-(31)P}(1)H Double Cross-Polarization (CP) MAS NMR experiments were implemented in order to explore the proton chemical environments around the silica and the phospholipids, respectively. Using VASP (Vienna Ab Initio Simulation Package), DFT calculations including molecular dynamics, and geometry optimization lead to the determination of energetically favorable configurations of a DPPC (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine) headgroup adsorbed onto a hydroxylated silica surface that corresponds to a realistic model of an amorphous silica slab. These data combined with first principles NMR parameters calculations by GIPAW (Gauge Included Projected Augmented Wave) show that the phosphate moieties are not directly interacting with silanols. The stabilization of the interface is achieved through the presence of water molecules located in-between the head groups of the phospholipids and the silica surface forming an interfacial H-bonded water layer. A detailed study of the (31)P chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) parameters allows us to interpret the local dynamics of DPPC in liposils. Finally, the VASP/solid state NMR/GIPAW combined approach can be extended to a large variety of organic-inorganic hybrid interfaces.