Objective: To gather information on penile cancer epidemiologic trends and its economic impact on the Brazilian Public Health System across the last 25 years. Methods: The Brazilian Public Health System database was used as the primary source of data from January 1992 to December 2017. Mortality and incidence data from the Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva was collected using the International Classification of Diseases ICD10 C60. Demographic data from the Brazilian population was obtained from the last census by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, performed in 2010 and its 2017 review. Results: There were 9,743 hospital admissions related to penile cancer from 1992 to 2017. There was a reduction (36%) in the absolute number of admissions per year related to penile cancer in 2017, as compared to 1992 (2.7 versus 1.7 per 100,000; p<0.001). The expenses with admissions related to this condition in this period were US$ 3,002,705.73 (US$ 115,488.68/year). Approximately 38% of the total amount was spent in Northeast Region. In 1992, penile cancer costed US$ 193,502.05 to the public health system, while in 2017, it reduced to US$ 47,078.66 (p<0.02). Penile cancer incidence in 2017 was 0.43/100,000 male Brazilian, with the highest incidence rate found in the Northeast Region. From 1992 to 2017, the mortality rates of penile cancer in Brazil were 0.38/100,000 man, and 0.50/100,000 man in the North Region. Conclusion: Despite the decrease in admissions, penile cancer still imposes a significant economic and social burden to the Brazilian population and the Public Health System.

Objective: To analyze mortality rates and hospitalization data after radical cystectomy in each public healthcare center in São Paulo in the last decade, considering the number of surgeries performed at each center. Methods: This study included patients from the Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde from the state of São Paulo, who underwent radical cystectomy between 2008 and 2018. Data analyzed included organization name, number of procedures/year, in-hospital death rates and hospital length of stay. Results: A total of 1,377 radical cystectomies were registered in the public health system in São Paulo, between 2008-2018. A total of 91 institutions performed at least one radical cystectomy in the decade analyzed. The number of radical cystectomies performed per organization during the years analyzed ranged from one to 161. Only 45.6% of patients were operated in organizations that performed more than five radical cystectomies yearly. A total of 684 patients were operated in organizations with higher surgical volume. There were 117 in-hospital deaths, representing an 8.5% mortality rate for the state of São Paulo during the last decade. Whereas highest volume organizations (>6 radical cystectomies/year) had a mortality rate of 6.1%, the lowest volume (<1 radical cystectomy / year) had a 17.5% in-hospital mortality rate. Conclusion: There was a strong relation between organization volume of radical cystectomy and in-hospital mortality rate after radical cystectomy in São Paulo from 2008-2018. Unfortunately, we could not observe a trend toward centralization of such complex procedures, as it has occurred in developed countries during the last decades.