Sensor nodes are small, low-cost electronic devices that can self-organize into low-power networks and are susceptible to data packet loss, having computational and energy limitations. These devices expand the possibilities in many areas, like agriculture and urban spaces. In this work, we consider an IoT environment for monitoring a coffee plantation in precision agriculture. We investigate the energy consumption under low-power and lossy networks considering three different network topologies and an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standardized Low-power and Lossy Network (LLN) routing protocol, the Routing Protocol for LLNs (RPL). For RPL, each secondary node selects a better parent according to some Objective Functions (OFs). We conducted simulations using Contiki Cooja 3.0, where we considered the Expected Transmission Count (ETX) and hop-count metric (HOP) metrics to evaluate energy consumption for three distinct topologies: tree, circular, and grid. The simulation results show that the circular topology had the best (lowest) energy consumption, being 15% better than the grid topology and 30% against the tree topology. The results help the need to improve the evolution of RPL metrics and motivate the network management of the topology.
Os nós sensores são dispositivos eletrônicos de custo módico capazes de se auto organizarem em redes de baixo consumo energético e suscetı́veis a perdas de pacotes, possuem limitações computacionais e energéticas. Para essas redes, o IETF padronizou o protocolo de roteamento RPL (Protocolo de Roteamento para Redes de Baixa Potência e Perdas), no qual os nós secundários selecionam um melhor pai em relação ao nó receptor de acordo com algumas funções objetivos (OFs). Nesse trabalho propomos a avaliação do consumo energético do RPL com cenários de perdas de nós na rede. Nós fizemos simulações no Contiki Cooja 3.0 considerando as métricas ETX e HOP para avaliar três topologias: árvore, circular e em malha. Nossos resultados das simulações mostraram que a topologia circular teve o melhor (menor) consumo energético de 15% sob a topologia em malha e 30% sob a topologia árvore.
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