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When individuals experience an emotion, they talk about it afterwards. A popular ‘emotional venting’ belief claims that doing so dissolves the emotional impact. This study tested a model of when and how sharing emotions is beneficial. It predicts that benefits vary according to the listener's response mode. A socio‐affective (empathic) mode was expected to buffer emotional distress temporarily. A cognitive (reframing) mode was anticipated to grant emotional recovery. Participants viewed an aversive film and then talked about it with an intimate. The latter was instructed to adopt either cognitive or socio‐affective response modes in a 2 × 2 design (cognitive/non‐cognitive; socio‐affective/neutral). Emotional, cognitive and social benefits were assessed immediately afterwards and again 2 days later following re‐exposure to the film. As predicted, emotional recovery occurred exclusively when the listener stimulated the participant's cognitive work. Cognitive variables (basic assumptions) were also positively modified by these conditions. Listeners' socio‐affective responses entailed enhanced social integration (i.e. greater proximity to the listener; less loneliness) and an impression of feeling better. These results demonstrated that sharing emotions can lead to multiple benefits depending upon the listeners' response modes: emotional recovery, consolidation of shattered assumptions, social integration and temporary distress reduction. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Introducción. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo probar un modelo (basado en teoría del- auto-sistema de desarrollo motivacional que incluye, al mismo tiempo, la medida en que el contexto social proporciona la estructura de soporte, calidez y autonomía, la percepción de autonomía de los alumnos, la relación entre la competencia conductual-cognitiva y el compromiso emocional de los estudiantes.Método. Trescientos treinta y un participantes en el último año en la universidad completaron un cuestionario de auto-informe sobre las variables específicas. Se utilizaron Análisis SEM para probar nuestras hipótesis.Resultados. Los resultados revelaron que cada dimensión del contexto social se asoció con las variables autopercepción correspondientes que, a su vez, predice un mayor compromiso conductual, cognitivo y emocional. El compromiso cognitivo se predijo directamente por las tres variables de la auto-percepción e, indirectamente por un contexto social que apoye la autonomía. El contexto social estructurado se asocia indirectamente, a través de la percepción de competencia, con el compromiso conductual y emocional.Discusión y Conclusión. Dos supuestos subyacentes de la SSMMD (y más, en general, del SDT) fueron apoyados por los resultados de este estudio. Las tres dimensiones del contexto social tienen efectos específicos sobre las variables de auto-percepción y estas percepciones son mediadores de la relación entre el contexto y el compromiso del estudiante. Las tres variables de autopercepción no tienen un impacto directo sobre las dimensiones de la participación estudiantil.

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The present study addresses, in a highly ecological setting, the short‐ and long‐term psychosocial consequences of participation in a major scouting event. Using a quasi‐longitudinal design comprising three measures taken over two‐and‐a‐half months (i.e., baseline level; within the 24 hr following the event; 10 weeks after the gathering), we show that participation in this collective gathering was followed by a series of positive effects at the psychosocial level. More precisely, we noticed an increase in the scout's levels of social integration, and individual and social well‐being after their participation in the gathering. Further, in line with a central tenet of the neo‐Durkheimian model of collective processes, the results stress the key role of perceived emotional synchrony in the prediction of the outcomes. Higher perceived emotional synchrony during the gathering was associated with stronger in‐group identification, identity fusion, pride, openness to experience, self‐esteem, positive affects, and adhesion to specific scouting values. Finally, we found that the effects of participation lasted more than a few days and were predicted by the level of perceived emotional synchrony. These findings are the first to show that positive effects of participation in a collective event last for at least ten weeks.

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