Limestone filler is a raw material that is already used in several applications like paints, bricks, bituminous mixtures…etc. Moreover, and particularly in Belgium, classical additions for concrete like fly ashes and granulated blast furnace slags are becoming rare; there is a need for new additions that could have a positive effect on the properties of the fresh and hardened cementitous composites. Substitution of limestone filler in Portland cement and Granulated blast furnace slag cement has been realized between 15 and 27 % in mass. In addition to the characterization of the powder itself -specific mass, specific surface and laser granulometry -the problem of the water demand has been analysed: it seems that it remains constant with the substitution rate. Electric conductivity has also been performed in order to study the evolution of the "dormant" period. Tests on hardened mortars were performed with regard to mechanical properties and evolution of the porosity. Test results indicate that the porosity seems to be finer in the case of granulated blast furnace slags cements, partially due to a very low diameter of the slags particles. Oxygen permeability doesn't seem to be influenced by the filler while capillary absorption increases with substitution rate. Finally, carbonation rate, sulphate resistance and chloride penetration show quite interesting behaviours, leading to the conclusion that limestone fillers maybe a good substitution material.
In an intent to improve the monitoring of steam generators, a technique based on vibration measurements is developed for the detection of a water leak into sodium. Background noise can mask the leak-induced vibrations. In order to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), a beamforming technique may be considered. In the purpose of studying the feasibility and the efficiency of this technique for the present configuration, experimental investigations have been performed on a mock-up composed by a straight cylindrical pipe coupled to a hydraulic circuit through two flanges. A sound emitter introduced in the pipe simulates the source to detect, whereas a flow speed controls the background noise vibrations. Beamforming is applied on the signals measured by an array of accelerometers externally mounted on the pipe. Two different kinds of beamforming are considered: the conventional (Bartlett) one and an advanced one based on SNR maximization (MaxSNR). After an analysis of the vibroacoustic behaviour of the mock-up, one studies the efficiency of the two beamforming treatments for narrow bands and broad bands.
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