This article deals with the recognition of cultural variation and related variables as moderators of psychological test performance in South Africa. Attention is paid to historical approaches, present issues and trends emerging in this field. The studies discussed include those on cognitive and personality tests and factors surrounding their use and interpretation. The comparability of test scores and how this relates to bias and fairness are discussed. Related perspectives from industry and questions as to future options regarding assessment are also raised.<p> <strong>Opsomming</strong> <br>Hierdie artikel handel oor die erkenning van die moderator- of bemiddelingsrol wat kulturele variasie en verwante veranderlikes speel by sielkundige toetsprestasie in Suid Afrika. Aandag word geskenk aan histonese benaderings, huidige kwessies en neigings wat in die veld ontstaan. Studies van kognitiewe en persoonlikheidstoetse en faktore wat hierdie toetse se gebruik en interpretasie omvou, word bespreek. Die verband tussen die vergelykbaarheid van toetscellings en sydigheid en billikheid word aangedui. Verwante sienings vanuit die nywerheidswêreld, en vrae oor toekomstige moontlikhede met betrekking tot evaluering word ook gelug
Environmental psychology is described as a sub-field of psychology which busies itself with the analysis of relationships between human activity and the external contexts in which it takes place. A brief overview of personologist, interactionist and sltuationist positions in person-environment theorizing is provided. The recent development of transactionism as an offshoot from interactionist views is illuminated by providing a synopsis of the basic assumptions of a transactional approach to person-environment relations. In conclusion it is suggested that this approach also emphasizes the role of change, human use of technology and the psychological nature of artifacts as central to the study of human-environment relations.S. Atr. J. Psychol. 1984, 14: 140-143 Omgewingsielkunde word beskryf as die afdeling van die sielkunde wat betrokke is met die ontleding van verbande tussen menslike gedrag en die eksterne konteks waarin dit plaasvind. 'n Kort oorsig van personologistiese, interaksionele en situasionele beskouings tydens mens-omgewing-teoretisering word verskaf. Die huidige ontwikkeling van transaksionisme as 'n uitvloeisel van interaksionele beskouings word toegelig deur 'n opsomming van die basiese aannames wat 'n transaksionele benadering tot mens-omgewing-verhoudings onderle, te verskaf. Ten slotte word daar voorgestel dat hierdie benadering ook klem plaas op die rol van verandering, die menslike gebruik van tegnologie en die sielkundige aard van artefakte as sentrale aspekte in die bestudering van mens-omgewing-verhoudings.
This review of research published in the South African Journal of Psychology (SAJP) between 1979 and 1988 included analyses of populations, methods of sample selection, some aspects of sample composition, types of research design employed and approaches to knowledge building. Altogether 149 articles (containing 159 studies) were reviewed. Accessible populations were defined in 67% of the contributions, but in only 3% of the studies were useful descriptions of these populations provided. Only 18% of the studies made use of randomized sample selection procedures while 25% did not explain the procedure used to select their samples. Explicit recognition of population and sample limitations in drawing conclusions was found in only 7% and 19% of the studies respectively. Also, 31% of all samples were drawn from student populations. Eighty-three per cent of the studies were intra-culturally oriented, but nearly half of these made use of only white samples. A fairly small number of cross-cultural studies (17%) were recorded. Research designs most frequently adopted were correlational type studies (45%) while the favoured approach to knowledge building was to extend findings (57%) rather than to test theory or replicate prior research. A comparison with a similar analysis of the American Educational Research Journal revealed that mostly only minor differences exist between the two journals. Other topics addressed included an examination of trends over time, the implications of using non-randomized samples, the low incidence of cross-cultural studies and the limited attention paid to replication approaches to knowledge building.
This review of articles published in the South African Journal of Psychology over the past 10 years includes analyses of themes, theoretical versus review contributions, and statistical techniques used in research articles. It was found that a fair range of themes was covered, with topics relating to clinical/counselling psychology, developmental psychology and personality psychology receiving most attention. Comparatively few articles dealt with theory development. In research contributions the use of basic statistical techniques was clearly favoured above more sophisticated methods of data analysis. No significant changes in the use of statistical techniques occurred over the past 10 years. The results were compared with similar analyses of American journals and general implications of the findings are discussed.
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