Nitrogen-15 isotopic dilution method was used to estimate biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and nitrogen (N) budget of fourteen (14) soybean varieties using maize as reference crop. The experiment was carried out at Sekou in Southern Benin. The amount of N derived from air (Ndfa kg N ha -1 ) ranged from 51 for variety BRS 261 to 148 for variety Canarana. In a scenario where the soybean shoot dry matter and grains were removed from the field after harvest and only the fallen leaves were incorporated into the soil, the N budget ranged between -91 (Canarana) and -17 kg N ha -1 (BRS 260). When only soybean grain was exported from the fields and fallen leaves and shoot dry matter are incorporated into the soil, the N budget varied from 7 (BRS 261) to 74 kg N ha -1 (BRS Garantia). The study showed that Canarana, TGX 1448 2E and BRS Paraiso soybean varieties fixed the highest amount of N among the 14 varieties. The inclusion of those soybean varieties in cereal-based cropping systems would help reduce N inputs and improve soil and crop productivity in farming systems in Benin.
Legumes such as soybean establish symbiotic relation with nitrogen fixing bacteria such as Rhizobia. Nitrogen fixation via legume-rhizobium symbiosis is the most important source of Nitrogen in agro-ecosystems. But environmental stresses are important limiting factors for this process. Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate the physiological characteristics and Plant Growth Promoting (PGP) properties of soybean rhizobia. A total of 28 Rhizobia strains obtained from soybean root nodules collected in from three Agro-Ecological Zones (zones 3, 4 and 5) producers of soybean in Benin were used. The physiological characteristics include utilization of carbon source, tolerance to temperature, salinity and pH, resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals. The PGP properties were relative to production of indole, hydrogen cyanide and ammonia and catalase test. The results revealed that, irrespective of their geographical regions, the 28 isolates were grouped into five Clusters. Most of them tolerated neutral to alkaline pH and high salt stress and 17% of them could grow at 40°C. Most of them showed resistance to heavy metal and antibiotics. These isolates tested were able to use a broad range of carbohydrates as sole source of carbon. Production of indole, hydrogen cyanide and ammoniac were respectively found on 56%, 41% and 44% of isolates but all isolates gave positive reaction to catalase test. These rhizobial isolates showing best physiological and PGP properties could be good candidates to establish a successful symbiosis with soybean under the variation of environmental conditions that prevail in Benin.
Thought the increasing demand Arachis hypogaea L. (groundnut), its yields remain low with increasingly using chemical fertilizers. To reduce the costs for chemical fertilizers inquisition and their long-term toxic effects on soils, microbial bio-fertilizers could be an accessible alternative to peanut farms. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the performance of rhizobia strains on peanut varieties production. The experiments were conducted in two agro-ecological zones of Benin, in a peasant environment peasant-researcher control or under peasant and researcher control. The experimental device used was a complete random block with nine repetitions and two factors namely inoculation (with Rhizobium sp and without Rhizobium sp) and mineral fertilizer (with N 15 P 15 K 15 and without N 15 P 15 K 15). The effects of these factors divided into four treatments were evaluated on the plants vegetative, symbiotic and production parameters. In addition, an evaluation of each treatments' comparative advantages was carried out. The results showed that How to cite this paper:
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