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Nonsquamous cell histology and high-grade disease are associated with a significantly higher risk of recurrence in the univariate and multivariate analyses. Women with both these histology features should be counseled reticently for VRT.Pregnancies after VRT must be regarded as high-risk pregnancies with a high prematurity rate.

Disclosures of potential conflicts of interest may be found at the end of this article.

The BladderScan® (BVI 9400) measures PVRV precisely and reliably after vaginal delivery and should be preferred over catheterization.

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