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Testicular asymmetry, with a smaller left testis, was seen in a considerable number of healthy adolescents. One out of five adolescents had a smaller left testis and met one of the threshold values currently used in varicocoele management. Therefore, in left-sided unilateral inguinoscrotal pathology, a smaller ipsilateral testis in combination with a TAI of >20% and/or TVD of >2 mL requires careful interpretation and serial measurements of TV should always be performed. Furthermore, this study provides reference values for TV, TVD and TAI according to TSG and TSP for a healthy adolescent population.

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Through the New Skills for New Jobs initiative, the European Commission wants to (1) promote better anticipation of future skills needs, (2) develop better matching between skills and labour market needs and (3) bridge the gap between the worlds of education and work. With relatively little effort, the use of lingua receptiva can contribute significantly towards achieving these goals. Including it in the Skills Agenda as a “transversal skill” could:– enhance the key competence “Communicating in and learning a foreign language”;– refine the European Qualification Framework (EQF); and,– strengthen the Europass.This position paperThis position paper was published on 11 May 2016 at: http://taalunieversum.org/sites/tuv/files/downloads/Taalunie%20positionpaper%20luistertaal%20(Engels)-def.pdf#search=%22position+paper+lingua+%22. It was written by Jan D. ten Thije (Utrecht University), Charlotte Gooskens (University of Groningen), Frans Daems (University of Antwerp), Leonie Cornips (Maastricht University, Meertens Institute), Mieke Smits (Dutch Language Union). elaborates on the arguments for including Lingua Receptiva in these policy papers.

We review some of our research findings on verb spelling errors in Dutch. The spelling of Dutch regularly inflected verb forms is governed by rules of the simple concatenative type (stem + suffix). The spelling of a subset of these verb forms is determined by morpheme-based analogy, both at the level of the stem-final letter and at the level of the inaudible (i.e., silent) suffix. This subset of verb forms causes many spelling problems, both in the learning stage and in the spelling process of experienced spellers. Our research identifies two sources of these errors. First, the error risk results from the time-consuming nature of the cognitive operations needed for spelling the silent suffix. Second, the errors follow a particular pattern: the typical error is a homophonic verb spelling form which has a higher frequency of occurrence in the Dutch written language than the target form. This homophone frequency effect shows that regularly inflected verb forms with silent suffixes have their own orthographic representation in the mental lexicon, even though they are fully predictable by rule.

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