Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem. Although physical activity is essential for the prevention and treatment of most chronic diseases, exercise is rarely prescribed for CKD patients. The objective of the study was to search for and appraise evidence on the effectiveness of exercise interventions on health endpoints in CKD patients. A systematic review was performed of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) designed to compare exercise with usual care regarding effects on the health of CKD patients. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, Clinical Trials registry, and proceedings of major nephrology conference databases were searched, using terms defined according to the PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome) methodology. RCTs were independently evaluated by two reviewers. A total of 5489 studies were assessed for eligibility, of which 59 fulfilled inclusion criteria. Most of them included small samples, lasted from 8 to 24 weeks and applied aerobic exercises. Three studies included only kidney transplant patients, and nine included pre-dialysis patients. The remaining RCTs allocated hemodialysis patients. The outcome measures included quality of life, physical fitness, muscular strength, heart rate variability, inflammatory and nutritional markers and progression of CKD. Most of the trials had high risk of bias. The strongest evidence is for the effects of aerobic exercise on improving physical fitness, muscular strength and quality of life in dialysis patients. The benefits of exercise in dialysis patients are well established, supporting the prescription of physical activity in their regular treatment. RCTs including patients in earlier stages of CKD and after kidney transplantation are urgently required, as well as studies assessing long-term outcomes. The best exercise protocol for CKD patients also remains to be established.

Objective: To determine hypertension prevalence and its associated risk factors. Methods:A cross-sectional, population-based study of people ages 20 to 69 living in the urban area of Pelotas, Rio Grande Hg (average of two readings) or current use of antihypertensive drugs.Results: Among the 1,968 subjects enrolled in the study, hypertension prevalence was 23.6% (95% CI 21.6 to 25.3). A Poisson regression model was used to control confounding factors effects. The following variables remained statistically significant in the final model: family income, age, skin color, gender, family history of hypertension, extra salt intake, and body mass index. Conclusion:Compared with a similar study undertaken in 1992, hypertension prevalence increased, particularly in the younger groups.

The best approach to prevent CVC-related infection would be to avoid the use of CVC. However, in patients for whom it is impossible, the adoption of adequate prophylaxis protocols, early diagnosis and effective treatment of infectious complications are essential to improve outcomes.

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Although the best protocol of exercise for patients on dialysis is not yet clear, in our sample of haemodialysis patients the combination of aerobic and resistance training was more effective than resistance training alone to improve functional performance.

Among the studied variables, comorbidity and graft function were the main factors associated with the PCSc, and sociodemographic variables and graft function were the main determinants of MCSc. Despite comprehensive, the final regression models explained only a little part of the heath-related quality of life variance. Additional factors, such as personal, environmental and clinical ones might influence quality of life perceived by the patients after kidney transplantation.

Hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are global public health problems, both associated with higher risk of cardiovascular (CV) and renal events. This trial randomized non-diabetic adult patients with hypertension and CKD stages 2-4 to 16 weeks of aerobic and resistance training or usual care. The primary outcome was the change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Secondary outcomes included changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), body weight, fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and functional capacity. The analysis was performed by intention-to-treat, using linear mixed-effects models for repeated measures over time. A hundred fifty patients were included in the intervention (76) or control (74) groups. No difference was found in eGFR, BP, body weight, or lipid profile changes between the groups. However, there were significant decreases in hs-CRP [-6.7(-11.7 to -1.8) mg/L] and fasting blood glucose [-11.3(-20.0 to -1.8) mg/dL], and an increase in functional capacity [2' Step Test 33.9 (17.7-50.0); 30″ Stand Test 2.3 (0.9-3.7)] in exercise group compared with control group. The results of this RCT show that combined aerobic and resistance training could reduce inflammation and insulin resistance in hypertensive patients with earlier stages of CKD, without a significant effect on kidney disease progression. Clinical trials.gov NCT01155128.

According to the study, when the peoples had not enough information regarding family member's donation wishes the rate of willingness to donate organs is lower. Sociodemographic characteristics influence the rate of public willingness to donate organs and campaigns educational should be directed to improve rates of donation the organs.