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Clinical isolates of Moraxella catarrhalis (n = 86) were evaluated for their haemagglutinating activity with different types of erythrocytes. Of all the isolates tested, 12 did not agglutinate with any of the erythrocytes, whereas 65 reacted with human erythrocytes of type A, B, and 0, and 26 with erythrocytes from rabbit, guinea pig, dog, or rat. None of the isolates agglutinated with sheep and goat erythrocytes. The agglutination titres ranged from 0 to 64. Among these isolates, 13 different agglutination patterns could be distinguished. The agglutinating activity was Ca(2+)-dependent and was inhibited by proteases, by temperatures exceeding 50 degrees C and by the addition of D-glucosamine or D-galactosamine. The adherence capacity of the M. catarrhalis isolates to tracheal epithelium correlated with their agglutination titre and could be inhibited by the same treatments. These data provide strong evidence that adherence of M. catarrhalis is mediated by lectins located on the bacterial surface.
The effect of sucralfate (12.5 mg/ml) on the growth of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and two isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853 and a multi-resistant clinical isolate) was studied in vitro at pH values of 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 and 7.4. A bacteriostatic effect of sucralfate was demonstrated for Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a pH of 6.0 and 7.4 and for Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis at a pH of 6.0. The bacteriostatic effect was most pronounced at high pH values. Sucralfate had no bactericidal effect on the bacteria tested at the concentration used.
When studying the epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, determination of the similarity of isolates is crucial. In the present study the distinctive capacity of four phenotyping methods (antibiotic susceptibility patterns, serotyping, phage-typing and outer membrane protein [OMP] profile analysis) was determined and compared to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of enzyme restricted chromosomal DNA. In all, 91 isolates of P. aeruginosa were cultured from ten patients. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were concordant for all isolates. Serotyping yielded five, phage-typing eight, OMP profile analysis nine and PFGE seven distinct types of P. aeruginosa. Compared to PFGE, the distinctive capacities were 89% (81/91) for serotyping, 87% (79/91) for phage-typing, and 90% (82/91) for OMP profile analysis. When serotyping results were different, PFGE types also were different (exclusiveness 100%). However, isolates with the same serotype may have various PFGE patterns. In contrast, isolates with similar PFGE patterns could have different phage-types or OMP types. For the study of isolates of P. aeruginosa, serotyping provides a good initial selection to reduce the number of isolates that need to be genotyped.
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