Identity management is a key component of the authorization mechanisms that govern access to the diverse IT services offered at pervasive universities. The federation paradigm proves to be a useful tool for establishing an integrated identity management system in this setting. The main principles of federations, i. e., decentralization, subsidiarity, and mutual respect among the partners, can be applied to develop a 'bi-level′ approach to identity management. For reasons that will be explained, a bi-level system is more likely to be successful at a pervasive university than the more standard 'centralized′ approach.
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