Water for injection (WFI) and other pharmaceutical water distribution systems are notoriously difficult to analyze analytically due to the highly dynamic variable demand that is drawn from these systems. Discrete event simulation may provide an answer where the typical engineering approach of utilizing a diversity factor fails. This paper develops an Excel based deterministic and stochastic model for a WFI system with the latter allowing for the modeling of offtake volume and schedule uncertainty. The paper also compares the deterministic and stochastic models and shows that the deterministic model may be suitable for most applications while the stochastic model should only be used if found necessary. The models are available for download as open public domain software allowing for modifications and improvements of the model.
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