The timing of fish larvae abundance was investigated at Helgoland Roads in the southern North Sea for the years 1990, 1993–1996, 1998, and 1999. From the 44 species identified, 27 were sufficiently abundant in more than 3 years and had well defined seasonal changes to calculate their phenology. The passage of the 15%, 50%, and 85% annual cumulative abundance thresholds was used to define the “start of season”, “middle of season”, and “end of season”, respectively. The timing of a significant number of these events was correlated with the mean annual winter sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in weeks 1–10 with higher temperatures leading to earlier appearance. The timing of the end of season was also negatively correlated with the SSTs. Sole (Solea solea) is presented as an example of the general functional relationship.

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Frankfurt a. M.]Phenology and seasonality of the population response patterns of marine zooplankton provide a measure of the impact of climatic forcing upon the ecosystem, as most metazoans in the sea are periodically planktonic, usually in their pr0pagative phase. The global warming expectancy suggests intensified consideration of this aspect of ecosystem research. On the basis of the "Helgoland Roads zooplankton" time-series, such population specific investigations have been carried out. They suggest that temperature and wind stress modify the beginning, end, length and intensity of the seasonality of zooplankton populations. Climatic forcing and solar irradiation forcing of the production driven trophic cycles are basically independent of each other. The response patterns vary, depending on the life-cycle strategy of each population. Positive and negative correlation with water temperature occur, as well as larger of smaller deviations from multi-annual means, and distances from the times of greatest temperature impact and population responses. Examples are given for the different kinds of response. The results are discussed with respect to the influx of the NAO and to the annual recruitment of marine metazoans.

Long term continuous plankton measurements at Helgoland (North Sea) have provided a set of data which could be used for ecological functional analysis with respect to prey predator theory. Local dynamics display trophic feedback between selected populations. Phytoplankton, small copepods, Noctiluca miliaris, Pleurobrachia pileus and Beroe gracilis conform with theoretical assumptions. The functional relationships are less significant in averaged population dynamics compared with single ear processes. The local prey-predator cycles are to be understood as population waves travelling through German Bight. Such population waves over an area of 18 000 km have been investigated and are displayed for the above given zooplankton populations as computer graphics and analysed in their progression for the population of P. pileus.

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Open Grid Europe mit Sitz in Essen ist mit einem Leitungsnetz von rund 12.000 Kilometern – in etwa entsprechend der Länge des deutschen Autobahnnetzes – einer der großen Fernleitungsnetzbetreiber in Europa. Die Kerntätigkeiten von Open Grid Europe umfassen die Planung und den Bau von Leitungen, den Betrieb des Leitungssystems, das Management und die Vermarktung der Kapazitäten sowie die Mengenermittlung und Abrechnung. Open Grid Europe ist ein 100%iges Tochterunternehmen der Vier Gas Transport GmbH (VGT), hinter der ein Konsortium aus Finanzinvestoren steht: Macquarie European Infrastructure Fund 4, Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, British Columbia Investment Management Corporation und MEAG MUNICH ERGO Asset Management. Der VGT-Konzern erwirtschaftete mit rund 1.400 Mitarbeitern im Geschäftsjahr 2018 Umsatzerlöse von 1 Mrd. Euro und ein Ergebnis vor Steuern, Zinsen und Abschreibungen (EBITDA) von rund 526 Mio. Euro. Die Konzerninvestitionen betrugen 469 Mio. Euro. (Quelle: www.viergas.de)