The all-arthroscopic glenoid reconstruction using iliac crest grafts shows good functional results with a recurrence rate of 9%. At final follow-up 42 months after surgery, our patients showed low pain levels and acceptable complications.
In severe shoulder instability, chronic glenoid bone deficiency is a challenge for arthroscopic shoulder surgeons. This paper presents a new all-arthroscopic technique of iliac crest bone graft transfer for those patients. Transportation through the rotator interval and repositioning into the glenoid defect is achieved by use of a tracking suture, while fixation of the graft is performed by biodegradable or titanium double-helix screws. Overall, the feasibility and reproducibility of this new reconstruction technique in recreating the bony and soft tissue anatomy of the antero-inferior glenoid could be demonstrated. So far, preliminary outcomes of 24 patients operated on using this technique are promising. Level of evidence Case series with no comparison group, Level IV.
The condition of shoulder stiffness is often called adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder. It is regarded as a distinct clinical entity showing a benign and regular course. The major clinical feature is significant reduction in both active and passive range of motion (ROM) accompanied by stage-dependent pain, allowing for a clinical diagnosis. There are primary and secondary forms, the former having an unknown etiology and increased occurrence in patients with metabolic disorders and the latter being seen with prior injury or operation. Three stages, each lasting 4-6 months, mark the clinical course. The progression of the disease is self-limiting and may occasionally resolve in partial restitution. In the first stage ("freezing"), the shoulder continuously loses passive motion and causes worsening pain. Continuing stiffness and improvements in pain and inflammation are characteristic of the second stage ("frozen"). In the third stage ("thawing"), restriction of shoulder motion decreases, and ROM increases. Treatment should be adjusted to these stages. Recommendations include analgesics and joint injections in the first stage and physiotherapy in combination with manual therapy in the second and third stages. In cases of failure, passive exercise under interscalene block, manipulation under general anesthesia, or arthroscopic arthrolysis should be considered.
MPFLR and TTM leed to good clinical results despite its own indications. For this reason-in selected cases-TTM may still be a suitable procedure for surgical treatment of patellar instability. However, patients treated by TTM (group B) revealed an increased retropatellar cartilage damage as well as significantly more pain during activity.
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