Synopsis A method of skin profilometry is presented. The data generated using this method are used to (a) uncover sources of variation in skin profilometry, (b) provide information regarding the choice of roughness parameters best suited for characterizing the skin's topography, and (c) determine if skin profilometry is a valuable tool for quantitatively assessing changes in the skin's surface pattern. The data show the roughness parameter values to be dependent on the orientation of the tracings with regard to the major grooves and ridges present in the surface patterns. Large variabilities of roughness parameter values obtained for multiple scans within small areas of replicas are indicative of the nonhomogeneity of the skin's surface. The number of peaks, mean peak size, mean depth of roughness, depth of smoothness, and residual profile length appear to be the most utile roughness parameters for quantifying changes in the skin's topography. The ability of skin profilometry to detect subtle changes in the skin's surface pattern due to hydration indicates the method is a sensitive means of quantifying the skin's topography.
Between 1900 and 1964 Los Angeles attracted a sizeable influx of African American tourists and new residents. While race relations may have been better than in the regions from which many of them came, they found a geography of racial restrictions on where they could find tourist lodgings and permanent places to live. A number of guidebooks for African American travelers were published, most famously the annual Green Books, informing readers of the roadside accommodations that would cater to people of color. An analysis of the guidebooks’ entries for Los Angeles, 1930–1964, provides insights on the changing nature of racial discrimination there. Many of the structures they listed are still extant and deserving of commemoration.
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