No abstract

SummaryThe effects of egg cannibalism, conditioned medium and the presence of quinone secretions on oviposition rate were studied using single pairs of adults to eliminate any direct crowding effects. Most measurements were made on beetles confined to the surface of the flour medium in plastic towers. Oviposition rate was decreased by about 58% when pairs were transferred from fresh to conditioned medium; lowered about 25% when only quinones were present and the medium was still fresh; and enhanced 35% in dry conditions when beetles were provided with eggs to eat. Both the lowered oviposition rate in confined cultures and egg‐eating may be explained by natural selection at the individual level. Cannibalizing eggs boosts a female's oviposition rate. The presence of quinones or conditioned medium indicates high population densities and acts as a signal for ceasing oviposition and dispersing to avoid high egg mortality. In confined populations, this results in population regulation, while in open populations, this strategy is a mechanism to avoid competition. It implies that the resource shortages normally experienced by such organisms are relative, not absolute.

Generation 1 adults removed after 3 dtl~, counted, cluaified and discarded Generation 2 adults re111oved after 3 de.ys, counted, clauitied and discan!ed lm111atures sa~t~plllld at pr~de ter~nined intervals raised at loor densities, adults counted andcl.IISsified rrr r UUDTI C.nent:ion 1 adults tranlllferred to c•sua jar after 3 daya; e,li.g& counted and replaced in cUlture jar 200 100 ,100 100 •&&• ~ll ,_.if: pu~e 200 100 100 100 egga an large pupae ,.._,.,_ 200 egga in Barlly-We1nbllrl l)'lati.c~s

No abstract

By using daily unaware, daily aware, and retrospective self-reports, this study allowed the investigation of 1) self-reports of moods and behaviors across the menstrual cycle under different conditions of awareness and type of recall, 2) social cycles for men and women, and 3) correlations between neuroticism and self-reports of moods and behaviors. Results indicate that 1) retrospective self-reports cannot be used as evidence of PMS, 2) a social cycle exists for both sexes, and 3) discrete symptomatology in discrete phases of the menstrual cycle cannot be dismissed as neuroticism.