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The aim of this study is to develop a scale to measure perceived black economic empowerment (BEE)

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This contribution is based on author's extensive experience in policy advice in the Ukraine, Romania, Uzbekistan and Belgium, and on preliminary research of the managerial aspects of the policy formulation process in general and of particular conditions in other Eastern European countries, the NIS and China. Some stylised facts are presented on the conditions for policy advice in transition economies in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, and from these, conditions and approaches for more effective policy advice are discussed. It is advocated that the emphasis should firstly be on the policy formulation process, rather than exclusively on the policy content.