The proximal flow convergence method demonstrates that regurgitant flow and orifice area vary throughout systole in distinct patterns characteristic of the underlying mechanism of mitral incompetence. Therefore, in addition to the potential of the method as a tool to quantify mitral regurgitation, it allows analysis of the pathophysiology of regurgitation in the individual patient, which may be helpful in clinical decision making. Calculating mitral regurgitant flow rate and volume from the time-varying proximal flow field (ie, without assuming a constant orifice area that would produce overestimation in individual patients) provides excellent agreement with independent te
Induction of ventricular fibrillation requires shorter coupling intervals than does induction of ventricular tachycardia. The presence of ventricular conduction delay seems to be a marker of facilitated induction of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia rather than of ventricular fibrillation. The coupling intervals required to induce ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation are longer in patients with than in those without an abnormal signal-averaged ECG.
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