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We report on the sol-gel fabrication and characterization of (100−x)SiO2–xSnO2 (x=8, 16, and 25mol%) glass-ceramic waveguides doped with 1mol% Eu3+. A suitable top-down thermal process led to the formation of SnO2 nanocrystals ∼4nm embedding Eu3+ ions. The excitation spectra evidence the role of interband electronic transition of SnO2 nanocrystals on the luminescence of Eu3+. Monitoring the D05→F27 Eu3+ emission, we observe about 15 times increase in the intensity of SnO2 absorption band, moving from x=8to25mol%. These waveguides also exhibit low losses, making them quite promising for development of high-gain integrated optical amplifiers.

The grain-boundary chemistry of fine-grained spinel MgO . nAl 2 O 3 (mean grain size below micron) has been investigated by STEM microanalysis. We have quantified the concentration of each element across the grain boundaries. Stoichiometry variations are observed from the grain-boundary region to the bulk. The Al/Mg ratio increases from 2.1 in the bulk to 2.35 at the grain-boundary regions. X-ray quantification allows us to reveal and to characterize the space-charge layer in the subgrain boundary. The grain-boundary cores are negatively charged due to V 00 Mg vacancies in excess, and in the subgrainboundary region, an opposite, positive space-charge layer is obtained. The point defect composition and the characteristic (sign, space-charge potential F N ) of the space-charge layer are discussed. H. M. Chan-contributing editorThis work was financially supported by the ''Re´gion Nord-Pasde Calais'' and the ''Fonds Europe´en de De´veloppement Re´gional (Feder)'' for supporting this work.

Silica xerogels were synthesized and annealed at 1000 degrees C for different durations to yield stable silica materials. The samples were prepared through base-catalyzed hydrolysis and condensation of tetramethyl orthosilicate in methanol. After aging and drying steps, clear and solid xerogels exhibiting a narrow pore size distribution were achieved. The annealing treatment of these xerogels was performed at 1000 degrees C and proved in the present study to lead to a monolithic glass when a progressive heat-treatment procedure was employed to attain 1000 degrees C. In addition to the expected glass, silica foams and ordered phases were observed when the samples were instantaneously heat-treated at 1000 degrees C. Raman spectra of the foamed materials exhibit the classical features of amorphous silica, whereas transmission electronic microscopy pictures reveal the presence of crystallized domains within the vitreous matrix. These crystallites are prone to nucleation and growth processes, which jeopardize the believed stability of the silica foam. The assessment of the hydroxyl content by IR spectroscopy reveals the role played by the latter polycondensation of silanols. The occurrence of foaming process was thus found to result from two competitive phenomena occurring at 1000 degrees C: evacuation of water-related species and viscous sintering.

High‐entropy alloys (HEAs) and multicomponent alloys are known for their promising properties and the almost infinite possibilities of the design of new compositions. The Al–Cr–Fe–Mn–Mo family of HEAs is chosen to promote the formation of a body‐centered cubic (bcc) structure that exhibits high hardness and yield strength. Powder metallurgy is preferred to the liquid route to avoid segregation problems. Two compositions of alloyed powder, equiatomic and optimized, are successfully prepared by mechanical alloying. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) indicates the formation of two major bcc phases: bcc#1 (a1 = 3.13–3.14 Å) and bcc#2 (a2 = 2.87–2.94 Å). Energy transferred during milling depends greatly on the milling device and process conditions. Scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX) images reveal that high‐energy shocks of balls enable to elaborate homogeneous powder with controlled Fe contamination coming from the grinding vial and balls, whereas low‐energy shocks enable to produce powder free of contamination by Fe, with heterogeneous particles. Finally, the milling process is optimized to obtain a homogeneous alloyed powder with as little contamination as possible.

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