Background: Gram staining differentiates bacteria by their chemical and physical properties of their cell walls. Brazilein, a cromophore is oxidizing form of brazilin, the main chemical component of sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.). Its O functional group can bind to peptidoglycan, a component of bacteria cell wall and stain them. Research purpose : We conduct this research to evaluate the efficacy of sappan wood solution as counterstain in Gram staining of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.
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