Avaliação do efeito da adição de probiótico na dieta de alevinos e juvenis de tilápias-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) criados em esgoto doméstico tratado Probiotic addition effect assessment in the diet of fingerling and juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) created in treated sewage ABSTRACT The research was conducted to evaluate the effect of using probiotic (Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subitillis, yeasts and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces boulardi) in diets for tilapia, during the fingerling and juvenile stages, that underwent sanitary challenge on performance, chemical composition of the carcasses and water quality. We used three hundred and sixty fingerlings with initial average weight of 2.91±0.37 g and initial average length of 3.30±0.27 cm.The treatments were: T1) farmed fish in clean water, fed with commercial food without the use of probiotics; T2) fish reared in treated sewage water and fed with commercial food without the use of probiotics; T3) farmed fish in a condition similar to T2, with food plus probiotic. In the evaluation of physicochemical parameters of the treated sewage, regardless of the presence or not of probiotic strains, it presents a high primary productivity.The use of probiotics (Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subitillis and yeasts -Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces boulardi) promotes improvements in the parameters of feed intake and specific growth rate in the Nile tilapia grown in treated water from sewage, reduces the proportion of lipids in weight gain and increases the proportion of crude protein in weight gain. However, it does not influence weight gain, feed conversion and fish survival. Fish grown in treated sanitary sewage, regardless of the use or not of probiotic strains have a higher protein content and lower fat content.

Body composition analysis is relevant to characterize the nutritional requirements and finishing phase of fish. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ichthyometric (weight, total and standard length, density and yields), bromatological (fat, protein, ash and water content) and bioelectrical-impedance-analysis (BIA) (resistance, reactance, phase angle and composition indexes) variables in the hybrid tambatinga (Colossoma macropomum × Piaractus brachypomus). In a non-fertilized vivarium, 520 juveniles were housed and fed commercial rations. Then, 136 days after hatching (DAH), 15 fish with an average weight of 37.69 g and average total length of 12.96 cm were randomly chosen, anesthetized (eugenol) and subjected to the first of fourteen fortnightly assessments (BIA and biometry). After euthanasia, the following parts were weighed: whole carcass with the head, fillet, and skin (WC); fillet with skin (FS); and the remainder of the carcass with the head (CH). Together, FS and CH were ground and homogenized for the bromatological analyses. Estimates of the body composition and yields of tambatinga, with models including ichthyometric and BIA variables, showed correlation coefficients ranging from 0.81 (for the FS yield) to 1,00 (for the total ash). Similarly, models that included only BIA variables had correlation coefficients ranging from 0.81 (FS and CH yields) to 0.98 (for the total ash). Therefore, in tambatinga, the BIA technique allows the estimation of the yield of the fillet with skin and the body composition (water content, fat, ash, and protein). The best models combine ichthyometric and BIA variables.

In this study, we tested the use of murinometric indices and bioimpedance (BIA) to determine obesity in rats. Female Wistar rats (8 weeks/130-160 g) were divided into control and oophorectomy group. The Body Mass Index (BMI) and Lee index (LI) were used as anthropometric techniques to determine obesity, and the determination of body composition by BIA, as a way to partition body weight into fat mass and lean mass components. The dissection of muscle tissues and adipose deposits was used as a direct determination of body fat content. The groups had body weight gain (p <0.05) after the trial period, with a differential gain in body fat (p <0.05) observed by the dissection of tissue in the oophorectomy group. This gain in body fat was detected more accurately by BIA, due to the greater ability of this method to distinguish lean from fat mass. BIA was able to measure the differential gain of body fat in a BMI considered as eutrophic by murinometric indices.

Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência de tabagismo entre estudantes de uma universidade pública e os fatores a ela associados. Métodos: Estudo transversal com amostra probabilística proporcional constituída por 482 estudantes dos diferentes centros de ensino da instituição. Os estudantes responderam a um questionário adaptado do estudo realizado pelo Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas, com perguntas dirigidas a fumantes, ex-fumantes e não fumantes. Foram estudadas variáveis sociodemográficas e as características do hábito tabágico. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do teste de Qui-quadrado. Resultados: A prevalência de tabagismo foi de 6%, com maior proporção de fumantes (p=0,01) do sexo masculino (9,0%). A maioria dos fumantes (74,1%) iniciou o hábito de fumar com mais de 21 anos de idade. Além disso, houve associação entre tabagismo e o consumo de bebida alcoólica. Conclusão: Observou-se reduzida prevalência de tabagismo entre os estudantes. Houve associação entre tabagismo e sexo masculino e consumo de bebidas alcoólicas.

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