No abstract

The production of plastic packing grows worldwide, resulting in the accumulation of these materials in the environment due to improper disposal and problems related to degradation. Alternatively, composites produced with agricultural residues and filamentous fungi may exhibit physical and mechanical properties similar to or greater than expanded polystyrene, depending on the fungal species and substrate of the cultivation. In the literature, no reports were found on the use of coconut powder and edible fungi of white rot in the mechanical properties of composites. Thus, the objective of this work was to select fungal isolates and to evaluate the period of cultivation in the mechanical resistance of composites produced in coconut powder supplemented with wheat bran. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme corresponding to the cultivation of five edible fungal isolates (Pleurotus ostreatus: POS-W, POS-SP1, POS-98/38; Pleurotus eryngii: POS ER and Pycnoporus sanguineus: PS) and three culture periods after complete colonization of the substrate (15, 30 and 45 days), with four replications. The period of cultivation of the fungal isolates may influence in the composite mass loss and volume loss. The compressive strength and tenacity of the composite are influenced by the fungal isolate and the time of cultivation. The isolates of Pycnoporus sanguineus, Pleurotus ostreatus and P. eryngii present potential characteristics for the production of biodegradable composites.

The demand for biodegradable composite has grown worldwide in recent years, mainly in order to reduce environmental contamination by structural materials produced from the oil industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of isolates from the edible mushroom “Shiitake” (Lentinula edodes) in substrate coconut powder-based supplemented with wheat bran, as well as to analyze the influence of fungi growing period and drying time of the colonized substrate on the mechanical properties of the composite, in order to produce a biodegradable composite. The mycelial density is not influenced by the type of hyphae of L. edodes. Drying of the composite does not influence the residual odor, depending on the isolate. The compressive strength and foam type of the fungal composite may be influenced by the culture period and type of hyphae, depending on the fungal isolate. The composites colonized by the L. edodes isolates presented higher mechanical resistance at 30 days of complete colonization. The coconut powder supplemented with wheat bran colonized by isolated fungi LED 96/18 is an ecological alternative in the packaging production considering its mechanical properties.

-The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of grass Paspalum millegrana Schrad propagated through seeds and tillers, subjected to different levels of water and phosphorus to be used in erosion control on slopes. The experimental trial was conducted in greenhouse with propagation of tillers and seeds of Paspalum grass, at the Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil. The design was the completely randomized design with sixteen treatments and four replications, arranged in a factorial scheme corresponding to (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg kg -1 ), two water contents in the soil (60% and 100% of total pore volume) filled with water and two types of propagation (tillers and seeds). Plants were harvested at the end of four months of conducting the experiment and evaluated the following variables: number of tillers (NT), number of inflorescences (NI), Shoot Length (SL), Root Length (RL), Shoot Dry Weight (SDW) and Root Dry Weight (RDW). The phosphorus and water levels interacted positively with the variables studied and showed that this grass, presented biotech important features like good tillering, and the consequent formation of dense aerial biomass and root required for slope protection against erosion. The specie Paspalum millegrana showed a better development among the variables analyzed under conditions of less water availability with 60% VTP and the best responses of the simple superphosphate dosages were between 200 and 300 mg kg -1 .

RESUMOA erosão das margens de um rio causa a destruição das áreas ribeirinhas, contribui para a degradação de grandes áreas e produz efeitos catastróficos para o ambiente, ocorrendo a ruptura do equilíbrio ambiental. Este trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar as taxas de recuo da margem direita do rio São Francisco em três seções localizadas no Perímetro Irrigado Cotinguiba/Pindoba -Baixo São Francisco Sergipano -no período de fevereiro de 1999 a julho de 2000 e estudar as possíveis causas do processo. Para quantificar as taxas erosivas, foram utilizados os métodos dos pinos e das estacas e para descrever o processo erosivo foi utilizado o método das perfilagens sucessivas. As taxas anuais de erosão (recuo da margem), obtidas nas três seções da margem estudada, foram de 8,30 m na seção A; 47,30 m na seção B e 4,45 m na seção C. A variação das taxas de erosão foi influenciada, principalmente, pela composição granulométrica das camadas que compõem a face da margem e altura do barranco, como também pela associação dos dados climáticos e hidrológicos -velocidade do vento, amplitude mensal da cota, cota máxima mensal e velocidade do fluxo próxima à margem.

Vetiver grass is a member of the grass family Poaceae. Its fast development is probably due to the interaction with native microbiota, whose influence has not been studied yet. The objective of this work was to evaluate the colonization and development of the vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytic fungi. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with six treatments (control, without mycorrhizal fungi, native inoculants, UFLA05 - Gigaspora albida, UFLA351 - Rhizoglomus clarum, UFLA372 - Claroideoglomus etunicatum, and UFLA401 - Acaulospora morrowiae), with three replicates each. Vetiver grass tillers as well as the native microbial inoculum were obtained from the Lower São Francisco river experimental area, located in Sergipe state, Northeastern Brazil. There was a negative interaction between all tested UFLAs mycorrhizal isolates and the native microbiota (mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi) in the treatments, especially when taking into consideration plant height and volume of roots. The effects of inoculation with UFLA isolates may have been influenced by the presence of the native mycorrhizal fungi and the dark septate endophytic fungi. Vetiver grass was responsive to the native inoculant. The mycorrhizal colonization of the vetiver grass was vesicular, but the formation of the arbuscules can be influenced by the interaction between the fungus, plant, and the environment.

A erosão das margens do baixo curso do rio São Francisco é uma das causas mais visíveis das alterações na dinâmica do sistema fluvial e se destaca pela sua amplitude, ampla distribuição e conseqüências sócio-econômicas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi apresentar uma análise multitemporal dos processos erosivos no baixo curso do rio São Francisco, à jusante da UHE Xingo. Foram realizados estudos do comportamento dos taludes marginais a partir da instrumentação em seções localizadas no Perímetro Irrigado Cotinguiba Pindoba, localizado no município de Própria, Estado de Sergipe, assim como caracterização da erosão na margem do rio até a sua foz. Os métodos de investigação utilizados foram levantamentos e observações diretas no

A maioria dos solos cultivados com maracujazeiro no Estado de Sergipe é de baixa fertilidade natural, o que tem ocasionado reduzida produtividade desta fruteira. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a combinação de fontes de adubos orgânicos, esterco de frango e de ovino, às doses de potássio no rendimento e na qualidade das frutas do maracujazeiro-amarelo. O experimento foi realizado no Câmpus Rural da Universidade Federal de Sergipe. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial [(2x5)+1], constituído por 2 fontes de adubos orgânicos (esterco de frango na dose de 10 L e esterco de ovino na dose de 20 L) e 5 doses de potássio (0; 27; 54; 81 e 108 g planta-1) e um tratamento adicional (2,5 L de esterco de frango e 7,5 L de esterco de ovino). As variáveis estudadas foram teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez total titulável (ATT), espessura de casca (ESPC) (mm), número de frutas/planta-1 (NFPLM) e rendimento (REND) (t ha-1), no primeiro ano de cultivo. O maracujazeiro-amarelo apresenta atributos adequados para consumo in natura e para a indústria, quando adubado com esterco de frango ou esterco de ovino associado às doses de potássio, promovendo SST entre 10,8 e 14,02 %, ATT de 8,48 a 7,57 g 100 mL-1 de suco, ESPC entre 6,52 e 7,12 mm, REND entre 27,5 e 30,24 t ha-1 e NFPLM de 28 a 29 frutas, respectivamente.