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A transformational approach for developing multimodal web user interfaces is presented that progressively moves from a task model and a domain model to a final user interface. This approach consists of three steps: deriving one or many abstract user interfaces from a task model and a domain model, deriving one or many concrete user interfaces from each abstract one, and producing the code of the corresponding final user interfaces. To ensure these steps, transformations are encoded as graph transformations performed on the involved models expressed in their graph equivalent. For each step, a graph grammar gathers relevant graph transformations for accomplishing the sub-steps. The final user interface is multimodal as it involves graphical (keyboard, mouse) and vocal interaction. The approach outlined in the paper is illustrated throughout a running example for a graphical interface, a vocal interface, and two multimodal interfaces with graphical and vocal predominances, respectively.

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A collaborative system is software which allows several users to work together and carry out collaboration, communication and coordination tasks. To perform these tasks, the users have to be aware of other user's actions, usually by means of a set of awareness techniques. In previous works, we found by means of empirical studies that the most suitable Requirements Engineering approach to specify the requirements of this kind of systems is the Goal-Oriented one, and more precisely i* approach. In this paper, CSRML (Collaborative Systems Requirements Modelling Language) is presented, an extension of i* to deal with the specification of the requirements of these systems in which the collaboration and the awareness of other users presence / actions are crucial. In order to validate this proposal, a case study has been carried out by modelling a jigsaw activity: a cooperative-learning technique in which students individually do some research in a proposed problem and then they teach each other what they have learned by sharing each individual view of the problem.