One of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) introduced by the United Nations is SDG 7, Affordable and Clean Energy: “to ensure access to affordable, reliable and modern energy for all.” Peru is one of the Latin America and Caribbean countries that has signed this commitment. The Peruvian government encourages the supply of electricity from renewable energy sources to isolated rural communities, and renewable energy is considered in the country energy planning. This paper presents an energy planning model based on multicriteria optimization techniques, named SEPLAN (Sustainable Energy Planning). The SEPLAN model allows the incorporation of objectives that could be in conflict: for example, economic, environmental, or social objectives, as well as universal access to energy. In this model, six objective functions were established: replaceable amounts of fossil energy; CO2, NOX, and SO2 avoidable emissions; cost minimization; and universal access to energy in isolated rural communities. Linear programming was applied to the six objective functions, and optimal solutions were chosen for each one. The efficient solutions were found with compromise programming, and Chebysev distance (L∞) was chosen as the Pareto optimal solution. The proposed model was applied in Cajamarca province, Peru. Cajamarca has the lowest electrification rate of the country due to the very high dispersion of households of rural communities. The results for the analysed scenarios provided the prioritization of the energy alternatives considered. When encouraging the objective function related to universal access to energy in isolated rural communities, photovoltaic solar energy was the priority in power energy generation. Thereby, the model could become a useful tool for decision makers.
Sustainable and renewable are certainly very appreciated terms nowadays. These words may summarize a whole new attitude towards our world and the people who live in it. This paper's goal is to define an original multicriteria energy model, named SRIME, specially designed for developing countries. First, an extensive research will be carried out on: energy demand; potential renewable energy, its current know-how and potential future development; potential avoided emissions (CO 2 , NO X , SO 2 ); and the possible international support versus the in-country possibilities. The precedence constraints will be applied to establish in which degree renewable energy may be substituting for the fossil fuel: the purely economic approach will give way to a sustainable, renewable, development focused energy planning. It must be noted that an innovative function has been specifically included in the SRIME, which evaluates, applying the precedence constraints, the influence renewable energy may have on developing countries rural health and education. Six functions have been established: replaceable amount of fossil energy; CO 2 , NO X and SO 2 avoidable emissions; rural health and education development maximization; and the cost function. These functions will be optimized through the Chebyshev distance (L ? ) compromise programming minimization, so that the Pareto optimal solution may be obtained.
Resumen. El teatro independiente tuvo una gran relevancia como elemento de cambio durante la Transición política en España. Sin embargo, se trata de un movimiento sociocultural poco estudiado. De las carencias observadas durante el desarrollo de este trabajo de investigación nace el objetivo principal de este estudio: localizar y describir los fondos documentales que generaron las compañías teatrales independientes en Andalucía durante la Transición. Para abordar este objetivo se han consultado los principales archivos públicos de ámbito nacional; y en Andalucía los archivos autonómicos, provinciales, municipales y de instituciones universitarias y especializadas. Los resultados de este proyecto permitirán que se investigue sobre un campo de conocimiento prácticamente inexplorado y con el matiz que aportan las fuentes documentales escritas. También, con este trabajo, tratamos de poner de relevancia la importancia que supone para el conocimiento de nuestra historia la conservación, la sistematización y la difusión de su patrimonio documental cultural. Palabras clave: Andalucía; archivo; documentación; teatro independiente; transición Política. [en] The documentation archive as principal source for the study of independent theater during the Transition in Andalusia Abstract. The independent theater had a great importance as an element of change during the political transition in Spain. However, it is an understudied socio-cultural movement. Of the shortcomings identified during the development of this research comes the main objective of this study: locate and describe the documentary that were created by the independent theater companies in Andalusia during the transition. To address this goal were consulted major national public archives; and Andalusia's regional, provincial, municipal and university archives and specialized institutions. The results of this project will allow for an investigation on a virtually unexplored field of knowledge and with these nuances they provide written documentary sources. Also, with this work, we try to put the importance of relevance posed to the knowledge of our history of preservation, systematization and dissemination of their cultural documentary heritage.
El propósito de nuestra investigación es determinar la presencia de instagramers sénior españoles, así como analizar en qué ámbitos ejercen influencia. En este trabajo se ha planteado una metodología cualitativa exploratoria mediante análisis de contenido para estudiar las características de la producción de los 12 perfiles de las personas mayores influenciadores con más de 100.000 seguidores (mega y macro). Los resultados indican que la producción de sus contenidos se caracteriza por una marcada estrategia de marketing digital. Se evidencia rutinas profesionales como la regularidad en la frecuencia de publicación, la calidad y creatividad de los post y la relación que mantienen con los seguidores.
RESUMENLa realidad de las fuentes archivísticas derivadas de la actividad de los cineclubes en la Andalucía de la Transición política es que la mayor parte de esta documentación no se conserva en los archivos oficiales y la que se conserva está descatalogada o no se ha descrito. Con el fin de paliar, en la medida de lo posible, esta situación realizamos una clasificación en la que localizamos y describimos los documentos custodiados en los principales archivos andaluces y el de la Administración General del Estado. No obstante, a dicha taxonomía, fin nuclear de este trabajo, le precede otros apartados. En primer lugar realizamos una descripción de la documentación y las condiciones de consulta en los centros donde se custodia. Y por otro lado, exponemos las características de dicho material documental y las posibilidades que brinda esta fuente al estudio científico del movimiento cineclubista. Palabras clave: Andalucía, transición, archivo, documentación, cine, cineclub. Archival sources relating to the reconstruction of the film industry in Andalusian cine clubs during the political transition ABSTRACTThe reality of the archival sources relating to the cine club industry in Andalusia during the political transition is that the majority of this documentation is not kept in official archives and is discontinued or hasn't been described. With the aim of alleviating this situation as much as possible, we are establishing a classification in which we localise and describe the documents held in the main Andalusian archives and those belonging to the General State Administration. However, this taxonomy is the main purpose of this work and precedes other sections. Firstly, we establish a description of the documentation and the consultation conditions in the centre in which it is held. And then we present the characteristics of said documentation and the possibilities linking this source to the scientific study of the cine club movement. Keywords: Andalusia, transition, archive, documentation, cinema, cine club. Francisco Marcos Martín MartínFuentes archivísticas para la reconstrucción… APROXIMACIÓN HISTÓRICA AL FENÓMENO CINECLUBISTA EN ANDALUCÍATodas las fuentes apuntan a que la historia de los cineclubes tiene su origen en Francia. El cinematólogo Louis Delluc, en 1921, funda una revista llamada Cine Club y una asociación cinéfila denominada con el mismo nombre. De esta manera, Delluc se erige en pionero del cineclubismo mundial. Sin embargo, como apuntan Hernández y Ruiz, este primer cineclub no tiene mucha relación con la actividad cineclubística que se desarrollará con posterioridad 1 . En este caso, la finalidad de Delluc era, fundamentalmente, la creación de un espacio común donde poder reunir a realizadores y críticos de cine. De este modo se constituye una entidad cultural de carácter elitista, por la exclusiva inclusión de personas con profundos conocimientos y experiencia directa en el medio cinematográfico.No obstante, la buena acogida que encontró entre la intelectualidad este tipo de iniciativa cinema...
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