• Este trabajo analiza la vision idealizada que, en inversión complementaria del universalismo etnocéntrico, se da de los bárbaros que pueblan las márgenes noroccidentales del mundo: los celtas y los míticos hiperbóreos, de los que se destacan unos rasgos que se corresponden de forma más que notable con lo que sabemos de aquéllos, tanto en el nivel de la geografïa como en el del mito.
Frente a las tesis que vinculaban los inicios del culto imperial en Hispania a la influencia de tradiciones indígenas previas, las evidencias de época augustea indican el papel de la autoridad romana y, en concreto, de los comandantes militares, en estos procesos, con la salvedad del altar de Tarraco, debido a una iniciativa de las elites locales urbanas. Ese papel del ejército victorioso en el origen de estas manifestaciones religiosas parece especialmente claro en el Noroeste hispánico. En cualquier caso, los inicios del culto imperial en época augustea se inscriben en la nueva cultura de consenso y suponen la adaptación del culto a los príncipes helenísticos. Palabras clave: Culto imperial. Augusto. Consensus. Hispania. The Beginning of the Imperial Cult in Hispania in the Augustan Era ABSTRACT Contrary to the assertions which linked the beginnings of the imperial cult in Hispania to the influence of indigenous traditions, evidence of Augustan period stresses the role of Roman authority and, in particular, of military commanders, with the exception of the altar of Tarraco, due to an initiative of local urban elites. That role of the victorious army at the origin of these religious manifestations seems especially clear in the Northwest. In any case, the early Augustan era imperial cult enrolls in the new culture of consensus and involves the adaptation of the cult of the Hellenistic princes in the Hispanic provinces.
Volcae in Spain ? About Livy 21,19, 6.
This paper proposes the identification of the Volciani mentioned by Livius in the context of the Second Punic War in some area south of the Pyrenees with the Celtic people of the Volcae Tectosages who had their centre in Tolosa (Toulouse). Their refusal of the Roman alliance in 218 fits well with the anti-Roman attitudes for the Volcae and contrasts with the general philo-Romanism of the neighbouring Bargusii and of the Iberian peoples in general (among which they had been traditionally included : e.g. Tovar, Volciani=Bolsciani of Bolsean). Diverse evidences concerning the presence of Gauls between the Pyrenees and the Ebro river are also considered.
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